11. Which of the following is not part of an older tree's bark? |
(A) cork
(B) cork cambium I
(C) lenticels
(D) secondary xylem 1
(E) secondary phloem | .

12. What do hearing, touch, and smell have in common? (A) The transducers are all proprioceptors. (B) The sensory information from all three is sent to the thalamus. (C) The sensoiy receptors are all hair cells.(D) Sensory energy is transduced to form a receptor potential.  (E) Only A and B are correct. 

13. To sequence the following double strand of DNA, which primer can be used? 5'AGGCAGTTACCG------------------／／--------------------------------GGCTTAAAGTCG 3‘3‘TCCGTCAATGGC-------------------／／------------------         ------CCGAATTTCAGC5‘ (A) 5‘TCCGTCAATGGC3‘ (B) 5‘CCGAATTTCAGC3‘ (C)5‘AGGCAGTTACCG3‘ (D) 5‘GGCTTAAAGTCG3‘ (E) None of them.

14. Which of the following illustrates hydrolysis?  .(A) The reaction of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide with the release of water (B) The synthesis of two amino acids to form a dipeptide with the utilization of water  (C) The reaction of a fat to form glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water s (D) The reaction of a fat to form glycerol and fatty acids with the utilization of water (E) The synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogen base with the production of a molecule of water 

15. Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? (A) peroxisomes (B) desmosomes (C) gap junctions (D) glycocalyx (E) tight junctions 

16. What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle? [ (A) oxygen and carbon dioxide (B) ATP and NADPH  (C) electrons and photons (D) water and carbon (E) carbon dioxide and RuBP

17. "Density-dependent inhibition" is explained by which of the following?  (A) As cells become more numerous, the amount of required growth factors and nutrients per cell becomes insufficient to ； allow for cell growth. (B) As cells become more numerous, they begin to squeeze against each other, restricting their size and ability to produce control factors. (C) As cells become more numerous, the level of waste products increases, eventually slowing down metabolism. (D) As cells become more numerous, more and more of them enter the S phase of the cell cycle. (E) As cells become more numerous, they begin to squeeze against each other, restricting their size and ability to produce control factors.

18. A new DNA strand only elongates in the 5' to 3' direction because (A) Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3' to 5' direction.  (B) DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5' end. (C) replication must progress toward the replication fork. (D) the polarity of the DNA molecule prevents addition of nucleotides at the 3' end. (E) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides only to the free 3' end.

19. When chemicals are used to control unwanted organisms, then the wisest application strategy, in light of natural selection and assuming that chemicals generally have negative effects on the environment, is to apply (A) a small dose of a single chemical. (B) a large dose of a single chemical. (C) moderate doses of several different chemicals. (D) large doses of several different chemicals. (E) a moderate dose of a single chemical.

20. The outcome of the conflict between bacteria and bacteriophage at any point in time results from (A) evolutionary imbalance. (B) heterozygote advantage. (C) frequency-dependent selection. (D) neutral variation. (E) genetic variation being preserved by diploidy.

21. HIV is ultimately a fatal disease. Which choice could be used as an analogy to describe how HTV affects the body? (A) Snipping the wires coming from a car battery so that no electricity flows to the car components. (B) Bypassing a light switch so that electricity is constantly flowing to a light. (C) An elevator stopping at the floor of which the button has been pushed. (D) Rebooting a computer after getting a program error message. (E) Changing the color of your house to match the color of your car.

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