11. Which of the following molecules has highest molecular weight?
(A) a ribose
(B) a nucleotide
(C) a nitrogenous base
(D) a nucleoside
(E) a deoxgyribose

12. In E. coli, different promoters are recognized by which subunit of RNA polymerase? (A) a (B) ẞ (C) ρ (D) σ (E) ω.

13. During elongation of transcription in eukaryotic cells, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II will be__________ (A) phosphorylated (B) glycosylated (C) esterified (D) farnesylated (E)ubiquitinated.

14. What is the model for DNA replication? (A) conservative (B) unconservative (C)) toti-conservative(D) hypo-conservative (E) semiconservative.

15. Which of the following genome is replicated by D-loop replication? (A) E. coli (B) T7 phage (C)mitochondria (D) baculovirus (E) Drosophila.

16. The shine-Dalgarno sequence is for________ binding. (A) DNA polymerase I (B) DNA polymerase II(C) transcription factor (D) ribosome (E) tRNA.

17. Which of the following compounds is an inhibitor of protein translation? (A) chloramphenicol (B) AZT (C) X-Gal (D) fluoroacetate (E) IPTG.

18. Which amino acids that account for most of the UV absorbance at 280 nm in proteins. (A) F and H(B) M and C (C) W and Y (D) D and E (E) Q and N

19. Please choose the incorrect one from the following descriptions about the Michaelis-Menten rate equation. (A) KM measures the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is Vmax/2 (B) kcat is the turnover number that measures the rate of the catalytic process (C) The ratio kcat/KM is a convenient measure of enzyme efficiency (D) A noncompetitive inhibitor reduces the apparent Vmax. (E) A competitive inhibitor increases the apparent Kcat

20. Please choose the incorrect one from the following descriptions about nucleic acids. (A) The E. coli genome contains about 4,600,000 bp (B) The E. coli genome contains about 4,200 genes (C) The average length of a gene in E. coli is ~ 100 bp (D) Most DNA is in the B form (E) RNA-RNA and DNA-RNA helices are A form.

21. Determine the mRNA sequence transcribed from the following DNA segment:5'-GCCATTTCCCGTTA-3'(A) 5'-CGGTAAAGGGAAT-3', (B) 5'-CGGUAAAGGGCAAU-3',(C) 5'-TAACGGCAAATGGC-3', (D) 5'-UAACGGCAAAUGGC-3',(E) 5'-UAACGGGAAAUGGC-3'

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