請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題 Females are more subtle in how they approach competitive situations than males, even from a very young
age. The difference in technique could explain why men have long been considered the more competitive sex,
scientists believe.
Researchers tested the reactions of 87 four-year-olds to assess how they competed against each other. They
split the little children into all-male or all-female groups of three and gave each group different numbers of
puppets to play with. The researchers found that when there were plenty of toys to go around, both the boys and
girls tended to behave in roughly the same way. However, when the groups were given just one puppet between
three, distinct differences emerged. The study shows that boys were more likely to ask for the puppet, make a
grab for it, or even chase the child who had the toy.However, girls employed a much more indirect approach to get their hands on the prized possession—the
threat of social exclusion. The all-girl groups would shun the child who held the puppet, whisper and talk
behind her back, and even hide from her, the findings show. Joyce Benenson, from Emmanuel College in Boston, who led the study, said that the results could explain
why girls are more jealous of their friendships than boys. She believes that the threat of being ignored and
excluded by their peers is much more relevant for girls and that they have to take action to protect themselves. She said that the children’s “spontaneous” behavior study helped to prove that the idea that women were
naturally less competitive was a myth. Even at an early age, she pointed out, they avoid risky direct aggression
in favor of subtler forms of competition, such as small shifts in tone and expression, or spreading rumors. 【題組】48 What does the word “subtler” mean?
(A) More surprising. (B) More competitive. (C) More indirect. (D) More emotional.
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