12. In the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA reacts with_________to produce______.
(A) fumarate; -kctoglutarate
(B) oxaloacetate; citrate
(C) citrate; isocitrate
(D) succinyl-CoA; oxaloacetate
(E) malate; cis-aconitate

8. The only reaction of the citric acid cycle that provides substrate-level phosphorylation is catalyzed by: (A) malate dehydrogenase. (B) citrate synthase. (C) isocitratc dehydrogenase. (D) succinyl-CoA synthetase. (E) nucleotide triphosphate kinase. 

9. The pentose phosphate pathway is an important source of_______, and for ________, an essential precursor for ATP, NAD , FAD, CoA, DNA and RNA. (A) ATP;NADH (B) NADH; NADPH (C) NADPH; ribose-5-phosphate (D) ribose-5-phosphate; ATP (E) all are true

10. Which of the following statements about the light r reactions of photosynthesis is true? (A) There are two distinct photosystems, linked together by a mechanism similar to electron transport. (B) The source for electrons is located in the stroma of the thylakoid. (C) The Mn complex is the primary electron acceptor and is located on photosystem I. (D) The ultimate electron donor is molecular oxygen. (E) Plastoquinone is a fixed electron transporter in the system located in the inner membrane.

11. The primary storage form of lipid is__________ and it is normally stored in the__________ . (A) phospholipid； liver (B) cholesterol； muscles (C) monoacyiglycerol； adipocytes (D) triacylglycerols； adipocytes (E) triacylglycerols； liver

13. What is the committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis? (A) Binding of the fatty acyI group to the acyl carrier protein. (B) Synthesis of malonyl CoA. (C) Transacylase reaction. (D) The formation of acetoacetyl-ACP. (E) None of the above.

14. Organisms capable of atm nospheric nitrogen fixation include: (A) some bacteria and archaca. (B) higher eukaryotic organisms, such as mammals. (C) all plants. (D) fungi, including yeasts and molds. (E) None of the above.

15. The brain normally uses_________as its source of metabolic energy, but during starvation _may be the major source of energy. (A) glucose； ketone bodies (B) ketone bodies； fatty acids (C) fatty acids； amino acids (D) amino acids； glucose (E) all are true

10. 「惟恐其不在靈囿間」，句中「靈囿」意指何處？ (A)朝廷 (B)學校 (C)廟宇 (D)山林

1. 「非寧靜無以致遠」的「致遠」意為： (A) 到達遠地 (B) 實現抱負 (C) 給予慰安 (D) 表達想法

2. 「淫慢則不能勵精」的「淫慢」意為： (A) 淫亂奢侈 (B) 過於緩慢 (C) 放縱怠慢 (D) 漫長等待