12. How many chiral carbons are present in an aldopentose?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5

13. Aminotransferases are enzymes that have all of the following characteristics except: (A) Can make a a-keto acid from an a-amino acid (B) use pyridoxal phosphate as a carrier of amino acid (C) catalyze highly reversible reactions (D) Use ATР (E) Serum levels are used as a clinical measure of tissue damage

14. Pyruvate can be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis or oxidized to acetyl- CoA. (A) In the conversion of pyruvate to glucose, the first enzyme pyruvate carboxylase is allosterically inhibited by acetyl-CoA. (B) In the conversion of pyruvate to glucose, the first enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase is allosterically inhibited by acetyl-CoA. (C) Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which is allosterically inhibited by acetyl-CoА. (D) Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which is allosterically activated by acetyl-CoA. (E) None of the above.

15. In the citric acid cycle, all of the following enzymes require NAD+ as acoenzyme except the reaction catalyzed by:(A) isocitrate dehydrogenase.(B) malate dehydrogenase.(C) a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.(D) succinate dehydrogenase.(E) none of the above.

16. HMG-CoA reductase is the key regulatory site in cholesterol synthesis. Which ofthe following statement about the regulatory mechanisms of HMG-CoA reductaseis TRUE?(A) HMG-CoA reductase phosphatase can activate HMG-CoA reductase,(B) A high AMP:ATP ratio leads to activation of HMG-CoA reductase,(C) Phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent kinase activates HMG-CoAreductase,(D) High cholesterol level increases the half-life of HMG-CoA reductase, (E) High cholesterol level increases HMG-CoA reductase gene expression.

17. What is the role of transition-state stabilization in enzyme-catalyzed reactions?(A) To enhance the thermal stability of the enzyme(B) To increase the binding affinity of the substrate(C) To lower the activation energy, thereby increasing the reaction rate(D) To increase the stability of the product, thereby reducing side reactions(E) To provide reaction versatility

18. What is the correct order of these events during muscle contraction?a. Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulumb. Hydrolysis of ATP and energy releasec. Detachment of myosin from actind. Power strokee. Opening of switch 1 and switch 2 on myosin head(A) aebd c (B)ebcad (C) abcde (D)adebc (E)edcba

19.Enzyme A can act on substrate S and substrate T and follows simple MichaelisMenten kinetics. The Michaelis constant Km of enzyme A for substrate S is KmS =2 mM, and the rate constant ks is 5X103 sec¹. For substrate T, KmT = 5 mM, andkT is 2.5X104 sec¹. Which substrate exhibits greater catalytic efficiency?(A) S(B) T(C) Enzyme A uses S and T with the same catalytic efficiency.(D) cannot be determined due to insufficient information.(E) The result would change if the enzyme's conditions or substrate concentrations varied.

20.Hemoglobin exhibits sigmoidal binding kinetics for oxygen. Which of thefollowing terms describes hemoglobin's ability to enhance oxygen binding afterthe first oxygen molecule binds?(A) Allosteric inhibition(B) Competitive inhibition(C) Allosteric activation(D) Cooperativity(E) Catalysis

1. 一 Class C 網路以網路遮罩 255.255.255.224 切割成子網路，可切成幾個網路區段？ (A)16 (B)8 (C)4 (D)2 。

2. 下列何者為 216.35.12.98/26 所處之子網路的可用 IP 範圍？ (A)216.35.12.1~216.35.12.127 (B)216.35.12.66~216.35.12.127 (C)216.35.12.65~216.35.12.126 (D)216.35.12.129~216.35.12.254 。

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