13 In accordance with the UN ILC Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful
Acts, which of the following statements is NOT one of the concepts for precluding wrongfulness regarding a state's conduct?
(A) Consent.
(B) Sanction.
(C) Self-defence.
(D) Force majeure.

14 Concerning the so-called countermeasures provided in the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts in 2001, which of the following statements is correct? (A) The countermeasures include the use of force. (B) The principle of proportionality does not apply when using countermeasures. (C) States without direct injury are not entitled to apply countermeasures against offending States under any circumstance. (D) Countermeasures shall not affect obligations for the protection of fundamental human rights. 代號：11360 頁次：4－4

15 Regarding the rights and obligations of persons without diplomatic or consular status under international law, which of the following statements is NOT correct? (A) Spies have no diplomatic immunity status under international law. (B) When spies cause damage or casualties in other States, the State that sent the spies will still be held internationally responsible. (C) In order to understand whether another State has fulfilled certain international obligations, observers may be dispatch by one State to another State to perform observation work with the consent of another State. (D) Commercial representatives sent to other States to represent state-owned enterprises also enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities.

16 Which of the following statements concerning diplomatic relations and missions is NOT correct? (A) Establishment of diplomatic relations by two states entails mutual recognition of states, but the termination of such relations does not per se mean the withdrawal of state recognition. (B) After two states have established diplomatic relations, additional agreements are not required for the establishment of permanent diplomatic missions. (C) The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations affirms the special status of diplomatic missions and agents, but it does not accord them with the right to grant diplomatic asylum. (D) Diplomatic agents and consular officers are closely related but perform different functions. Still, diplomatic missions are permitted to perform consular functions.

17 Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty provides that an attack on one member state shall be considered an attack against all member states, and the others may take necessary action to assist the attacked member. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? (A) Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty represents the collective right of self-defense as recognized in Article 51 of the UN Charter. (B) The exercise of collective right of self-defense does not require prior authorization from the United Nations Security Council. (C) According to United Nations Security Council, the lawful exercise of collective right of self-defense may only be in response to an armed attack initiated by a state or government. (D) Self-defense is an inherent right of states and is not created or granted by the UN Charter.

18 Concerning the legal capacities of the United Nations (UN), which of the following statements is NOT correct? (A) The UN may become a litigant at the International Court of Justice. (B) The UN may bring the disputes between the UN and States to arbitration. (C) The UN has the capacity to conclude treaties. (D) The UN can seek remedies from offending States on behalf of its employees.

19 Which of the following statements about the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice over contentious cases is NOT correct? (A) The declaration accepting compulsory jurisdiction pertains to a state's prior commitment to accept the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice before the dispute arises. (B) The declaration accepting compulsory jurisdiction by a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice may be subject to conditions. (C) Should the parties disagree on whether the International Court of Justice has jurisdiction over the matters, such jurisdiction question shall be referred to and decided by the Permanent Court of Arbitration. (D) States not parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice may also bring disputes before the International Court of Justice.

20 Which of the following international judicial institutions accept individual a subject in litigation? (A) The International Court of Justice of the United Nations. (B) The World Trade Organization. (C) The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. (D) The European Court of Human Rights.

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