13. The board was unsure ______ the proposed strategy would yield measurable results within the quarter.
(A) of
(B) whether
(C) that
(D) if or not

9. Due to a financial       constraint      , they had to delay the expansion plans. (A) contingency (B) parameter (C) restriction (D) threshold

10. Some level of climate change seems       inevitable       unless drastic action is taken. (A) inescapable (B) irreversible (C) illimitable (D) impenetrable 

II. Grammar Part A: Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 11. The scientist, ______ several decades in marine biology, published a groundbreaking paper on deep-sea ecosystems. (A) had spent (B) having spent (C) that spent (D) spending 

12. ______ its investments years ago, it would be entirely dependent on fossil fuels today. (A) If the company did not diversify (B) Had the company not diversified (C) Not the company were to diversify (D) If the company would not have diversified

14. The experiment was a failure; ______, the data collected will still inform future studies. (A) and (B) however (C) since (D) otherwise

15. The ancient manuscript, ______ had been damaged by water, was carefully restored by experts. (A) the cover of which (B) of which the cover (C) which the cover of (D) whose the cover 

Part B: Identify the grammatically INCORRECT word or phrase. 16. Despite conducting        extensive researches      , the review committee fails to recognize           how the algorithm       disproportionately  affects communities       on the margins      , particularly those without stable housing or reliable        internet access       in rural areas. (A)extensive researches(B) how the algorithm(C)on the margins(D)internet access

17. The chronic depletion of groundwater resources        derive from       inadequate provision of infrastructure and       lack of       policies  that reinforce conservation practices across       various       agricultural and industrial sectors throughout the country’s rural and        urban regions      . (A) derive from(B)lack of(C)various(D)urban regions

18. Although the framework       appears legitimate       and was initially well-received, subsequent investigations       have revealed        inconsistencies that undermine its ability       to address on       ethical concerns       raised       by stakeholders from multiple sectors. (A)appears legitimate(B)have revealed(C) to address on (D)raised

19. The       professor’s comment       that the theory is highly cognitive       and demonstrates       an authentic understanding of immersive  learning       sounded impressed       to many, especially       those unfamiliar with       such abstract concepts in applied education contexts. (A)professor’s comment(B)and demonstrates(C)sounded impressed(D)those unfamiliar with