14. The synthesis of proteins from amino acids is a very endergonic process. In most organisms, the energy to drive this synthesis comes from all of the following except:
(A)glycolysis.
(B) photorespiration.
(C)the citric acid cycle.
(D)the electron transport chain and chemiosmotic oxidative phosphorylation.
(E)respiration from lipids.

10. ATP is synthesized from ADP and phosphate in: (A)the cytoplasm using the oxidation of organic molecules as the energy source. (B) mitochondria using light energy as the energy source. (C)chloroplasts using light energy as the energy source. (D)chloroplasts using the oxidation of organic molecules as the energy source.

11. To promote plant growth, lights called grow lights should produce light enriched in what wavelengths? (A)Red and green. (B) Red and blue. (C)Yellow and blue. (D)Blue and violet. (E)Orange and violet

12. The main advantage of Kranz anatomy is that: (A)RuBP carboxylase is found only in bundle sheath chloroplasts. (B) RuBP carboxylase is found only in palisade parenchyma chloroplasts. (C)RuBP carboxylase is found only in spongy mesophyll chloroplasts. (D)RuBP carboxylase is found only in mesophyll chloroplasts. (E)PEP carboxylase is found only in bundle sheath chloroplasts.

13. Plants as a whole are: (A)obligate aerobes. (B) obligate anaerobes. (C)facultative aerobes. (D)facultative anaerobes.

複選題15. If a cell has a water potential of -0.3 MPa, water will diffuse from that cell toward a cell whose water potential is: (A)-0.4 MPa. (B) -0.3 MPa. (C)-0.2 MPa. (D)-0.1 MPa. (E)0 MPa.

16. Which of the following about phloem translocation is false? (A)It is explained by pressure flow hypothesis. (B) At sources, sugars are actively transported to sieve elements. (C)Water moves out from sieve elements at sources. (D)At sinks, sugars are actively transported from sieve elements to sink cells.

17. Which of the following statements is true? (A)The contents of the phloem are under pressure and the contents of the xylem are under tension. (B) Sieve tube members are empty, dead cells. (C)Vessel element protoplasm is unique because the vacuolar membrane disintegrates, allowing vacuolar water to mix with the cytosol. (D)Phloem sap movement is driven by the atmospheric water potential. (E)Phloem sap moves only short distances, whereas xylem sap moves long distances.

18. Which of the following is false about criteria for essentiality for a mineral? (A)The element must be necessary for complete plant development in its entire life cycle. (B) The element cannot be substituted to be effective and must be necessary by itself. (C)The element can be substituted to be effective. (D)The element must be acting inside the plant and not outside of it.

19. Essential elements would not be made available to plants by: (A)alternate freezing and thawing of rock. (B) runoff from rainstorms and avalanches. (C)acids released by an organism called a lichen. (D)the release of CO2 by roots. (E)being incorporated into the crystalline matrix of rocks.

20. Flowers of night-blooming cereus are open at night and closed during the day. This is an example of a: (A)positive phototropic response. (B) negative phototropic response. (C)photonastic response. (D)photomorphogenic response. (E)positive phototaxis response.