14. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids?
(A) phospholipase A₁
(B) phospholipase A₂
(C) phospholipase B
(D) phospholipase
(E)phospholipase

15. Which of the following would be the most likely interaction between a peripheral membrane protein that contained a high lysine content and a membrane? (A) ionic interaction (B) hydrophobic interaction (C) hydrogen bonding (D) covalent bonding (E) both a and c

16. The two major phospholipids on the outer leaflet of erythrocytes are: (A) phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. (B) phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. (C) phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin. (D) phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. (E) phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine.

17. Glycophorin is a membrane protein with: (A) multiple transmembrane segments. (B) most of the mass oriented outside the surface of the cell. (C) about 10% carbohydrate and 90% protein. (D) transmembrane β-barrel segments. (E) All are true

18. Which of the following is true regarding membrane function? (A) a caveola contains a very high concentration of cholesterol and unsaturated phospholipids. (B) scaffolding proteins, particularly those containing BAR domains, result in curvature of the cell membrane. (C) lateral membrane diffusion within a biological membrane is a completely unrestricted process(D)membrane fusion with vesicles is often accomplished with the aid of a SNARE protein.(E)both b and d are correct.

19. All are important functional groups participating in H-bond formation EXCEPT: (A)amino group of the cytosine, adenine and guanine. (B) the ring nitrogens at position 3 of pyrimidines and 1 of purines. (C) the electronegative oxygen atoms. (D) the electron density in the double bonds of the bases. (E) the carbonyl group at position 4 of uracil and thymine, position 2 of cytosine, and position 6 of guanine.

20. All of the following are examples of nucleotide functions EXCEPT: (A) CTP in phospholipid synthesis. (B) UTP in complex carbohydrate synthesis. (C) ATP in energy for the cell. (D) GTP in protein synthesis. (E) TTP in phosphoryl group transfers.

21. In phosphoryl group transfer reactions, the________ of the nucleotide serves as an information symbol, channeling the nucleotide to appropriate metabolic activities. (A) sugar (B) diphosphate anhydride (C) sugar-phosphate ester (D) base (E) none are true

22. All of the following are true for tRNA EXCEPT: (A) each amino acid in proteins has at least one unique tRNA species dedicated to chauffeuring its delivery to ribosomes for insertion into growing polypeptides. (B) are small molecules containing 73-94 residues. (C) fold into characteristic secondary structures. (D) possess a 3'terminal nucleotide sequence that reads -CCA. (E) all are true.

23. DNA double helix structure is stabilized by all of the following EXCEPT: (A) the sugar-phosphate backbones are oriented in opposite directions. (B) the glycosidic bonds holding paired bases are directly across the helix from one another. (C) cations such as Mg2+ bind to the anionic phosphates. (D) bases stack together through hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. (E) appropriate base pairing builds a polymer whose external dimensions are uniform.

24. Urea and formamide are agents that denature dsDNA by (A) intercalating between base pairs and disrupting van der Waals interactions. (B) forming ionic bonds with the backbone phosphates. (C) competing effectively with the H-bonding between the base pairs. (D) changing the pH to cause hydrolysis. (E) none are true

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