15. What is the octal equivalent of 1100101.001010 ?
(A) 624.12
(B) 624.21
(C) 154.12
(D) 154.21
(E) 145.12

16. A particular system that contains intelligent agents is called_______. (A) AI system. (B) AI Ecosystem. (C) Agency. (D) Autonomous system. (E) None of the above.

17. What is the minimum number of states required to recognize an octal number divisible by 3?(A)1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5 (E) 7

18. Please sort the following functions in descending order of their growth rate.   (A)y＞z＞x＞w (B) z＞y＞w＞x (C) z＞y＞x＞w (D)y＞z＞w＞x (E) x＞y＞z＞w

19. Let A, B, C, and D be numbers. Given a postfix expression: AB+CA-*D+ABC+-/ What is the corresponding infix expression? (A) ((A+B)*(C-A)+D)/(A-(B+C)) (B) ((A+B*C)-A+D)/(A-(B+C)) (C) ((A+B)*(C-A))((D+A)-(B+C)) (D) (A*(B+C)-A)+(D+A-B)/C (E) A*(B-(C+A))+D+A-B/C

複選題20. The ANSI/SPARC has established a three-level architecture for a DBMS: conceptual, external, and internal. Which of the following is true? (A) The conceptual level defines the low-level access methods and how bytes are transferred. (B) The conceptual level interacts directly with the users. (C) The internal level determines where data is actually stored on the storage devices. (D) The external level interacts directly with the hardware. The data model is defined on this level, and the main functions of the DBMS are also on this level. (E) The external level is an intermediary and frees users from dealing with the internal level.

21. For security attacks, which of the following is NOT true. (A) Replaying attack includes several strategies to slow down or totally interrupt the service of the system. (B) Snooping attack refers to unauthorized access to or interception of data. An unauthorized entity may intercept the transmission and use the contents for their own benefit. (C) Masquerading (spoofing) attack happens when the attacker impersonates somebody else. (D) Modification attack modifies the information to make it beneficial to the attackers. (E) Repudiation attack is performed by one of the sender or the receiver to deny that the message has been sent or received.

22. For the following function foo, which statement is true? (A) If n＞1, the returned value of function foo must be even. (B) The time complexity of function foo is O(n?). (C) For any integer n＞=1, function foo calculates the value of 2-1 i. (D) The value returned by foo(2.8) is 3. (E) All the above statements are true.

23. We sequentially insert the following numbers: 19, 4, 26, 2, 13, 25 into an initially empty binary search tree. What is the preorder traversal sequence of the resulting tree? (A) 2,4,13,19,25,26 (B) 19,4,2,13,26,25 (C) 19,4,2,26,13,25 (D) 2,13,4,25,26,19 (E) 19,4,26,2,3,2

24. For sorting n integers, which of the following statements is true? (A) Both quick sort and merge sort have O(nlogn) worst-case time complexity. (B) Both quick sort and merge sort are stable sorting algorithms. (C) Both quick sort and merge sort do not need extra space. (D) Heap sort achieves O(nlogn) average-case time complexity. (E) Heap sort needs extra space during sorting.

25. Which of the following statements is NOT true? (A) If a problem is NP-complete, then there exists no polynomial-time algorithm (B) If a problem is NP-complete, then it is also NP-hard. (C) The halting problem is not solvable by a computer. (D) For random access, an array is more efficient than a linked list. (E) A heap is always a complete tree.

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