試題詳解

15. Which of the following description about autonomic, endocrine and immune interactions in pain is correct?
(A) Signaling from the immune system to the CNS via vagal afferents and possibly small-diameter afferents innervating somatic tissues to induce sickness behavior
(B) Modulation of the immune system and the inflammatory response by CNS circuits that control the production and release of neuroendocrine hormonal mediators in the sympathoadrenal stress axis
(C) Coupling of the sensory nociceptive and sympathetic efferent components of the peripheral nervous system in the setting of inflammation and nerve injury to produce sympathetically maintained pain
(D) All of above