15. Which of these measures will by itself decrease the Gini coefficient of income distribution? (A) Flat rate income tax (B) Regressive income tax (C) Progressive income tax (D) Income tax at the rate of 80% for the richer half of the population and income tax at the rate of 20% for the poorer half.

5. Four farmers are deciding whether to contribute to the maintenance of an irrigation project. For each farmer, the cost of contributing to the project is $10. But when any one farmer contributes, all four of them will benefit from an increase in their crop yields, in particular each gains additional $8. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) If all the farmers are selfish, none of them will contribute. (B) There are multiple Nash equilibria in this game. (C) If Kim is altruistic and contributes $10, the others might contribute too, even if they are selfish. (D) If the farmers have to reconsider this decision every year and consider infinite horizon of planning, they will never choose to contribute to the project if they are selfish.

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