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1. FLT3-ITD, the more common of the FLT3 mutations, occurs preferentially in patients with cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML). The importance of identifying FLT3-ITD at diagnosis relates to not only as a prognosticator but also predict response to specific treatment such as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).(TKI medication:midostaurin, quizartinib, gilteritinib, crenolanib, sorafenib).

2. Most commonly used induction regimens (for AML patients other than those with APL) consist of combination chemotherapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline (e.g., daunorubicin, idarubicin). Cytarabine is a cell cycle S-phase–specific antimetabolite that becomes phosphorylated intracellularly to an active triphosphate form that interferes with DNA synthesis. Anthracyclines are DNA intercalators. Their primary mode of action is thought to be inhibition of topoisomerase II, leading to DNA breaks.