18. Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell
when other people are happy or unhappy? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may
be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the
teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal
sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal
recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. _______________
(A) In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial
muscles and in the brain.
(B) Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions.
(C) For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence
of language.
(D) Obviously, different emotions that are conveyed through facial expressions could bridge the
communication breakdowns.
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