19 Karen Hughes, former U.S. Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, asserted that public diplomacy is composed of four pillars. Which of the followings is NOT included?
(A) Exchange.
(B) Education.
(C) Endorsement.
(D) Empowerment.

1 The annual press freedom ranking by the Freedom House is based on three sub-aspects. Which of the following is NOT among them? (A) Social. (B) Legal. (C) Political. (D) Economic.

2 Which of the following international communication theories is the dominant paradigm before the World War II? (A) Development communication. (B) Cultural imperialism. (C) Globalization. (D) Propaganda.

3 Fake news is rampant all over the world. In addition to the establishment of non-governmental fact- checking organizations, the UNESCO also calls for attention to media and information literacy. Which of the following statements about media and information literacy is NOT correct? (A) Media literacy focuses not only on reflection and critique of media content, but also on the skills of audience to create content. (B) With the development of communication technology, media literacy has become more diverse, including reading literacy, visual literacy, and digital literacy. (C) For generations of digital natives, media literacy is not just about using and criticizing the media, but also about the capacity of public participations. (D) A wide variety of user-generated content is the main source of fake news. Therefore, media literacy should advise people to completely reject user-generated content.

4 Which of the following descriptions about Taiwan+ (Taiwan Plus) is NOT correct? (A) It is the first free English-language international streaming platform in Taiwan. (B) It is a project commissioned by the Ministry of Culture and executed by the Radio Taiwan International. (C) Its service was officially launched in August 2021. (D) The platform had screened the Taiwanese historical drama series SEQALU: Formosa 1867.

5 Which of the following descriptions concerning the planet’s rising temperature is correct? (A) The term “climate change” is more scientific, while “global warming” is more political. (B) In the United States, the Republican Party is slanted toward the conception of global warming. (C) The United Kingdom is the first major economy to legitimize the concrete goals of carbon reduction. (D) Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, nations collectively agree to keep warming “well under 5 degrees” by the end of this century.

6 The idea of “de-Westernization” has emerged in the study of international communication. Which of the following statements about de-Westernization is NOT correct? (A) Global media events such as the Olympics, the World Cup, and the Academy Award testify that media globalization rings true, and the claim of de-Westernization is only a fake issue. (B) Most mainstream media studies focus on Western media. Many media issues in the Global South cannot be properly accounted for by existing Western theories, thus bringing greater importance to the de- Westernization of media research. (C) De-Westernization theses emphasize the need to break the United States-centered mindset. The reason is that the United States dominates international communication issues due to its strong position in international politics and culture. (D) To de-Westernize and at the same time communicate with the international community, it is necessary to build “case knowledge” rooted in local societies or cultures.

7 Which of the following international organizations is NOT headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland? (A) World Health Organization. (B) World Trade Organization. (C) World Economic Forum. (D) World Bank.

8 The program format of Idol was widely purchased and adopted in many countries. Which country is this format originated from? (A) The United States. (B) The United Kingdom. (C) The Netherlands. (D) Belgium.

9 Which of the following statements about Mainland China’s “Grand Propaganda Campaign” is NOT correct? (A) After 2010, Mainland China began to acquire Chinese-language social media from all over the world, thereby creating a publicity network for overseas Chinese. (B) After 2010, in addition to disseminating information via the official media, Mainland China’s “Grand Propaganda Campaign” paid more attention to the idea, “Tell China’s Story Well and Spread China’s Voice Well,” to market its soft power. (C) In 2017, the National Endowment for Democracy used the term “sharp power” to explain that the Chinese Communist Party not only exports cultural activities and national image, but also its autocratic and authoritarian system. (D) The so-called “Red Infiltration” refers to Mainland China’s massive acquisitions of or investments in pro-China media, which enables the news media to incorporate pro-China ideology into news content via self-censorship.

10 The impunity for war crimes committed by which of the following countries after the cold war prompted Russia’s Vladimir Putin to adopt similar tactics amid the invasion of Ukraine? (A) Turkey. (B) Serbia. (C) Syria. (D) Kosovo.

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