19. The quaternary structure of human hemoglobin is best described as a
(A) dimer of two myoglobin dimers.
(B) tetramer of identical subunits.
(C) tetramer of four different subunits.
(D) tetramer of two different subunits.

1. The number of isomers of glucose is (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16

複選題2. In β-pleated sheet structures (A) neighboring chains lie in a flat plane (B) neighboring residues are hydrogen bonded (C) neighboring chains are connected by α-helices (D) neighboring chains are hydrogen bonded

3. Proteins must fold into their final structures to be functional. Which of the following statements are not true? (A) Protein tertiary structure is determined by the primary sequence. (B) Hydrophobic amino acids are buried in the interior. (C) Structural motifs such as αα or ββ act as seeds around which the rest of the protein folds. (D) Helper proteins called chaperones may assist protein folding. (E) Folding begins with disulfide bond formation.

4. The fact that allosteric enzymes are remarkably sensitive to control makes them ideal candidates for: (A) The initial steps in a pathway (B) The rate-limiting steps in a pathway (C) The final steps in a pathway (D) All the steps in a pathway (E) Alternative pathways

5. Molecular chaperones bind to unfolded or partially folded polypeptide chains in order to accomplish which of the following? (A) ensure that improper aggregation of hydrophobic segments does not occur (B) engulf the protein in order to ensure that the protein is not damaged by heat denaturation (C) facilitate native folding by exposing hydrophobic segments of the protein as it is synthesized (D) facilitate aggregation of multiple subunits of a protein during synthesis (E) All of the above are accomplished by molecular chaperones.

6. The chirality of an amino acid results from the fact that its α-carbon: (A) is a carboxylic acid. (B) is bonded to four different chemical groups. (C) is symmetric. (D) is in the L absolute configuration in naturally occurring proteins. (E) has no net charge.

7. The value of n, the Hill constant (coefficient), for hemoglobin is about ______ as great as the value for myoglobin. (A) half (B) twice (C) three times (D) five times (E) ten times

8. Which of the following amino acids combinations have side chains with groups that have the greatest ability to stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein? (A) Lys and Arg (B) Cys and Glu (C) Glu and Lys (D) Gln and Glu (E) Pro and Asp

9. In the Beer-Lambert equation, A = abc, what quantity is represented by "ε"? (A) Absorptivity (B) Molar absorptivity (C) Path length (D) None of these

10. Sucrose consists of (A) Glucose + glucose (B) Glucose + fructose (C) Glucose + galactose (D) Glucose + mannose

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