39.一位30歲女性,過去健康狀況良好,並無重大疾病。她在最近5年的身體檢查中多..-阿摩線上測驗
![]() | 2F 宏爺 國一上 (2019/10/11)
Thrombocytopenia (ie, platelet count <150,000/microL [150 x 109/L]) may be associated with a variety of conditions, with associated risks that range from life-threatening to none. We are most concerned about spontaneous bleeding with counts <10,000/microL, and surgical bleeding with counts <50,000/microL. Common diagnoses for asymptomatic outpatients with mild thrombocytopenia include immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), occult liver disease, HIV infection, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Congenital thrombocytopenic conditions, sometimes misdiagnosed as ITP, may also occur. In a patien... 查看完整內容 Thrombocytopenia (ie, platelet count <150,000/microL [150 x 109/L]) may be associated with a variety of conditions, with associated risks that range from life-threatening to none. We are most concerned about spontaneous bleeding with counts <10,000/microL, and surgical bleeding with counts <50,000/microL. Common diagnoses for asymptomatic outpatients with mild thrombocytopenia include immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), occult liver disease, HIV infection, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Congenital thrombocytopenic conditions, sometimes misdiagnosed as ITP, may also occur. In a patient with incidentally discovered asymptomatic thrombocytopenia and a probable diagnosis of ITP, no further evaluation beyond the routine history, physical examination, CBC, and review of the peripheral blood smear, and testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is necessary. (B) 可以做周邊血液抹片,但不用做到骨髓切片。 自發性(免疫性)血小板缺乏紫斑症(Immune thrombocytopenic purpura; ITP),這種病的特點是血液中血小板數量比較低,起因於自身免疫性反應而產生的抗體破壞了血小板,並且透過脾臟進行清除;或者是因是患者骨髓中的巨核細胞前體細胞(不成熟細胞)(megakaryocyte precursor cell)受損或突變而導致血小板生成減少,因血小板免疫性破壞或是血中血小板減少,易有廣泛皮膚、粘膜及內臟出血或紫斑。 患有ITP 的患者在血小板數目低於30-50×103 /L或是有瘀青或紫斑等症狀出現時,需要接受治療以減少出血及相關併發症的風險,目前治療自發性(免疫性)血小板缺乏紫斑症(ITP) 的主要療法是以類固醇的使用、靜脈注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG) 或是切除脾臟以減少血小板的破壞,然而目前現有的這些治療方式可能效果短暫有限或是副作用較大。 Eltrombopag(商品名Revolade)是全球第一個口服小分子非肽類的血小板生成素受體致效劑,血小板生成素(thrombopoietin, TPO),是一種造血細胞因子,能啟動骨髓巨核細胞上的血小板生成素受體(TPO receptor),能刺激骨髓巨核細胞的增殖和分化, 進而增加血小板的數量,且eltrombopag 非為蛋白質產物,因此非屬免疫療法。2008年美國食品暨藥物管理局(FDA)核准兩種血小板生成素受體致效劑(TPO receptor agonist):romiplostim 與eltrombopag,其中romiplostim(NPlate)則是屬於皮下注射方式給予的胜肽抗體(peptibody)。 ref: http://tcpa.taiwan-pharma.org.tw/node/11844 可以使用類固醇 (prednisone)、免疫球蛋白 (IVIG)或Anti-D (Rho) 免疫球蛋白治療,或血小板生成素受體作用劑 (Thrombopoietin-Receptor Agonists)治療~ ref: http://jerryljw.blogspot.com/2014/08/immune-thrombocytopenia-itp.html 很多人一發現病人有血小板低下時,就想要輸血小板。在臨床實務上,除非有要開刀或要實行侵襲性措施時,才可以進行預防性的血小板輸注的!原則上,病人的血小板若是大於 3 萬以上時,出血的可能性是很低的! 那麼病人如果要接受手術時,血小板的數值到底要多少呢?一般性的手術,血小板 5 萬以上就已經足夠,在神經外科和眼科的手術,要求就比較高,血小板至少要 10 萬以上才安全! 臨床上,有些醫師焦慮血小板低下的病人有出血可能,一直給病人預防性的輸血小板,這樣子一直做下去的話,會發現怎麼病人血小板越輸越低,就趕緊照會血液科醫師了!這就是我們之前強調的,只有在需要的時候,才進行血小板輸注,因為一直對病人輸血小板,是很容易讓病人產生對抗血小板的抗體,反而在真正需要輸血小板的時後,這時病人身上已經充滿對抗血小板的抗體,輸注的效果就大打折扣了! ref: http://www.yinchelu.com/2016/01/thrombocytopenia.html |
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39.一位30歲女性,過去健康狀況良好,並無重大疾病。她在最近5年的身體檢查中多..-阿摩線上測驗
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