2. In the mushroom life cycle, karyogamy occurs in a:
(A) stipe.
(B) volva.
(C) sterigma.
(D) basidium.
(E) basidiospore.

33. The taxonomic level between family and class is: (A)genus. (B) species. (C)division (phylum). (D)order. (E)kingdom.

34. The major characteristic used to identify species of diatoms is: (A)their shape. (B) the pattern of ridges, depressions, and pores in the cell wall. (C)their photosynthetic pigments. (D)their type of cell division. (E)the number of positions of their flagella.

35. Rhizoids of mosses: (A)provide anchorage to the gametophore. (B) absorb water for the rest of the plant. (C)absorb minerals for the rest of the plant. (D)have chloroplasts. (E)conduct water and minerals for the rest of the plant.

1. Which of the following features is NOT shared by Chara and certain plants? (A) apical growth. (B) tissue organization in the nodal regions. (C) flagellated cells other than sperm. (D) pattern of plasmodesmatal connections. (E) sporopollenin.

3. Which of the following statements about bryophytes is FALSE? (A) lack xylem and phloem. (B) cell walls of their water-conducting cells are suberized. (C) exhibit alternating heteromorphic generations. (D) sporophyte is nutritionally dependent on gametophyte. (E) gametophyte is usually larger than the sporophyte.

4. Microphylls differ from megaphylls in that microphylls: (A) occur in most vascular plants. (B) are associated with leaf gaps. (C) are associated with protosteles. (D) have branched veins. (E) evolved from branch systems.

5. A student examining a flower that has only stamens, petals and sepals is: (A) staminate and perfect. (B) perfect and complete. (C) perfect and incomplete. (D) imperfect and complete. (E) imperfect and incomplete.

6. In the anther of a flower, the microsporocytes divide by _____ , forming _____ (A) mitosis； haploid microsporocytes. (B) mitosis； diploid microsporocytes. (C) meiosis； haploid microspores. (D) mitosis； diploid microspores. (E) meiosis； haploid megaspores.

7. A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a(n) _____ and a _____ (A) alga； fungus. (B) fungus； root. (C) lichen； root. (D) alga； root. (E) fungus； lichen.

8. Which of the following statements about sources and sinks in assimilate movement is FALSE? (A) a plant part unable to meet its nutritional needs functions as a sink. (B) in seedlings, the cotyledons commonly act as the major sinks. (C) in mature plants, the upper leaves commonly act as sources for the shoot apex. (D) in mature plants, the lower leaves commonly act as sources for the roots. (E) developing fruits are highly competitive sinks.