2. The individual credited with first observing the cell nucleus is________.
(A)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
(B)Robert Brown
(C)Matthias Schleiden
(D) Theodor Schwann
(E) Rudolf Virchow

1. When DNA is heated, the hydrogen bonds break and allow the two strands of DNA to separate from one another. Which sequence of DNA would be most resistant to heating, and therefore, stay double stranded longer? (A)AATTGGCC (B)ATGCATTC (C) AGGAGCTC (D) TGGCTTAG (E) TACCAATT

3. The tight packing of chromatin into the chromosomes visible during nuclear division is possible due to links between________proteins. (A)Cdk (B)H1 histone (C)H3 histone (D) H4 histone (E) nonhistone

4. If a cell contains 84 sister chromatids at metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in each nucleus in late telophase? (A)168 (B)84 (C)42 (D) 21 (E) cannot be determined from the information given

5. Colchicine, a chemical extracted from the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), inhibits the formation of microtubules. Mitotic cells exposed to colchicine will therefore be arrested at________. (A)anaphase (B)interphase (C)prophase (D) telophase (E) metaphase

6. The microtubules making up the mitotic spindle attach to specialized structures called________ that are found in the centromere region of the chromosome.(A)nucleosomes (B)centrosomes (C)kinetochores (D) chromatids (E) centrioles

7. During prokaryotic cell division, two chromosomes separate and are distributed to the two ends of the cell by________. (A)the action of the mitotic spindle (B)an unknown mechanism (C)attachment to actin (D) attachment to separating membrane regions (E) formation of a newly made cell wall

8. Which statement describes a difference between meiosis I and meiosis II? (A)DNA is replicated during meiosis II but not during meiosis I. (B)Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I； sister chromatids separate during meiosis II. (C)Meiosis I produces diploid cells； meiosis II produces haploid cells. (D) Chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell in meiosis I but not in meiosis II. (E) Crossing-over occurs during meiosis II but not during meiosis I.

9. Homologous chromosomes undergo recombination during________. (A)prophase II (B)metaphase I (C)metaphase Il (D) both prophase I and II (E) prophase I

10. Nondisjunction during meiosis I results in ________. (A) the generation of an extra daughter cell (B)a change in the status of a daughter cell from diploid to haploid (C)a change in the status of a daughter cell from haploid to diploid (D) one pole of the cell receiving neither member of a homologous pair of chromosomes (E) a gamete that cannot fuse with another gamete

11. If a species has 42 pairs of chromosomes, how many maternal and paternal chromosome combinations are possible during independent assortment? (A)422 (B) (C)(D)212 (E)842

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