21 What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) It is about different meanings of the word “philosophy” in Greek.
(B)It is about the meaning of the word “philosophy” and reasons why it began in Greece.
(C)It is about how vested interests helped the Greeks develop free speculation.
(D)It is about how literacy and ideals of equality distinguished the Greeks from Persians.

21這段話的主要思想是什麼？ 

(A）在希臘文中，“哲學”一詞的含義是不同的。 

(B）它是關於“哲學”這個詞的意思和它在希臘開始的原因。 (C）它是關於既得利益是如何幫助希臘人發展自由學說。 

(D）它是關於讀寫能力與平等理想是如何區分希臘人和波斯人。

本文是述說有關哲學緣由，故答案為B。

The Greeks invented創造 philosophy 哲學思想. 

The word itself comes from the Greek，meaning “love of wisdom智慧” 

From the sixth century B.C.E.公元 until the fourth century B.C.E., Greek thinkers throughout自始至終 the Hellenic古希臘world started addressing a wide range of questions about the nature of the universe and the meaning of life. 

It is a mystery why the Greeks, beginning around the sixth century B.C.E., were the first to pursue sustained持久、持續 philosophical inquiry問題.

But since they lacked palace bureaucracies官僚主義 or professional priests牧師, no vested interests既得利益集團 stood opposed to free speculation交易 and observation觀察.

In addition, because literacy知識 was widespread—owing to由於 the simplified簡化 Greek alphabet—and because new military軍事 tactics策略 and governmental institutions gradually strengthened their ideals of equality平等, the Greeks came to believe that they were different from others, especially their Persian波斯neighbors, and began ever more to speculate猜測 on the reasons for the differences. 

Finally, their relative相對 indifference to material needs and the availability of leisure time offered the Greeks unprecedented史無前例 opportunities for reflection深思、審慎的思考.

 distinguished翻譯：傑出的，突出的，卓越的, （尤指長者）氣度不凡的，高雅的，睿智的。