臨床心理學總論(一)題庫下載題庫

補充 B 選項文獻
Highly significant bilateral volume reductions in gray matter were observed in the anterior cingulate, the gyrus rectus（直迴，在額葉底側）, and the orbitofrontal cortex. Depressed patients also exhibited significant bilateral white matter volume reductions and significant CSF volume increases in the anterior cingulate and the gyrus rectus. Finally, the depressed group showed significant CSF volume reductions in the orbitofrontal cortex relative to the comparison subjects.

總結
MDD

雙側的前扣帶迴、直迴、眶額葉的灰質體積減少 雙側白質體積減少 腦脊髓液體積在前扣帶迴、直迴增加-->支...
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補充 B 選項文獻
Highly significant bilateral volume reductions in gray matter were observed in the anterior cingulate, the gyrus rectus（直迴，在額葉底側）, and the orbitofrontal cortex. Depressed patients also exhibited significant bilateral white matter volume reductions and significant CSF volume increases in the anterior cingulate and the gyrus rectus. Finally, the depressed group showed significant CSF volume reductions in the orbitofrontal cortex relative to the comparison subjects.

總結
MDD

1. 雙側的前扣帶迴、直迴、眶額葉的灰質體積減少
2. 雙側白質體積減少
3. 腦脊髓液體積在前扣帶迴、直迴增加-->支持1的論點，因為他們萎縮體積變少所腦脊髓液可以去的地方更多了
4. 腦脊髓液體積在眶額葉的體積少-->就不支持1的觀察了

Ballmaier, M., Toga, A. W., Blanton, R. E., Sowell, E. R., Lavretsky, H., Peterson, J., ... & Kumar, A. (2004). Anterior cingulate, gyrus rectus, and orbitofrontal abnormalities in elderly depressed patients: an MRI-based parcellation of the prefrontal cortex. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(1), 99-108.

然後D選項，因為是背外側額葉活化程度變少才對，腹內側額葉跟動機有關（腹內側額葉損傷會有假性憂鬱的表現-->欠缺主動、情緒低落、冷漠、性欲減退、沉默寡言）

Concurrent amygdalar and ventromedial prefrontal cortical responses during emotion processing: a meta-analysis of the effects of valence of emotion and passive exposure versus active regulation
Brain Struct Funct. 2020 Jan;225(1):345-363. doi: 10.1007/s00429-019-02007-3. Epub 2019 Dec 20.
In abstract, "The findings also suggest that hyperactivation of the vmPFC is associated with diminished right amygdala activities during regulation of negative emotions. Together, the findings extend the literature by specifying the roles of subregional vmPFC and amygdala activities in emotion processing....
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Concurrent amygdalar and ventromedial prefrontal cortical responses during emotion processing: a meta-analysis of the effects of valence of emotion and passive exposure versus active regulation
Brain Struct Funct. 2020 Jan;225(1):345-363. doi: 10.1007/s00429-019-02007-3. Epub 2019 Dec 20.
In abstract, "The findings also suggest that hyperactivation of the vmPFC is associated with diminished right amygdala activities during regulation of negative emotions. Together, the findings extend the literature by specifying the roles of subregional vmPFC and amygdala activities in emotion processing."