22. Which of the following is not an autotroph?
(A) a chemosynthesizer.
(B) a mushroom.
(C) an oak tree.
(D) a green alga.
(E) a moss.

18. Embryophytes are characterized by having: (A) few mitotic divisions between fertilization and meiosis. (B) a multicellular embryo that has stomata. (C) a multicellular, matrotrophic embryo. (D) a dominant gametophyte generation. (E) vascular tissues.

19. Which of the following statements about the shoot and root apical meristems is FALSE? (A) they are perpetually young tissues or cells. (B) they are established during embryogenesis. (C) it is through their activity that most plant development occurs. (D) they lose the potential to divide soon after embryogenesis is complete. (E) they generate cells that give rise to roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.

20. The three tissue systems of vascular plants are: (A) the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems. (B) protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem. (C) parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. (D) epidermis, periderm, and protoderm. (E) xylem, phloem, and epidermis.

21. A plant's body plan consists of a(n) _____ and a(n) _____ pattern. (A) apical-radial； basal. (B) apical-basal； radial. (C) basal-radial； apical. (D) apical； basal. (E) radial； apical.

23. In photosynthetic pathway, compared to C3 plants, C4 plants (A) have the higher rate of photorespiration. (B) only use PEP carboxylase for carbon fixation. (C) have specialized bundle sheath cells. (D) do not use rubisco for carbon fixation. (E) are adapted to life in the temperate climate.

複選題24. The role of Nod factors is to: (A) stimulate the formation of infection threads. (B) stimulate root-hair curling. (C) activate the plant Nod genes. (D) activate the bacterial Nod genes. (E) activate the plant genes for nodule formation.

25. In the process of guttation, all of the following events occur EXCEPT: (A) dew-like drops of water form at the tips of grass. (B) dew-like drops of water form at the tips of leaves. (C) water exudes through stomata that lack the ability to open and close. (D) water exudes through openings in structures called hydathodes. (E) water forms from the condensation of water from the air.

1. The water movement is from high water potential to low water potential. So the water movement is a/an _____.(A) active transport (B) active and passive transport (C) passive transport (D) water can't move.

2. Which statement is WRONG? (A) When you observe a symptom in the older leaves of a plant, the plant likely needs certain immobile nutrients. (B) Plants will not complete their life cycle without any essential elements. (C) Due to the cation exchange process, the soil in an area with low pH and lots of rain will lack minerals. (D) Anions (ions with negative charges) easily be washed away by the rain.

3. Leaf senescence and abscission are regulated by _____.(A) ABA and JA (B) ABA and Auxin (C) Auxin and CKs (D) Auxin and ethylene