23.根據史賓賽（Spencer）有關人在環境中的位置如何影響職能治療，下列敘述何者正確？
(A)個人的近距離環境（proximal environment）指的是其參與工作或家庭的地方
(B)社會環境（societal environment）指的是可以幫助個人達到基本需求與所需生活品質的地 方
(C)社區環境（community environment）指的不是一個具體的地方，但卻是影響我們生活的 主要因素
(D)立即性環境（immediate environment）指的是法律或是他人的態度

The occupational therapy literature includes alternative ways of conceptualizing the environmental contextsnin which occupational performance occurs .These conceptualizations typically identify physical, social, and culturalndimensions of environments that shape occupational performance, such as objects and spaces; social dyads andngroups; and settings in which occupations and theirnmeanings are shaped by culrure, including homes, workplaces, or classrooms. They also typically distinguishnbetween environments of different scale or size, includingnimmediate environments, such as a computer workstation; proximal environments, such as a work or leisurensetting; community environments, such as a shoppingnand restaurant region; and societal scale environments,nsuch as long-distance transportation systems. These environmental dimensions and scales are described in morendetail in Davidson (1991) and Spencer (in press). Severalnmodels of practice in occupational therapy identify thenenvironment as an important influence on occupationalnperformance , but they donnot articulate the features of environments at the level ofndetail specified for person systems. 

參考資料:

The CommunitynAdaptive PlanningnAssessment: A ClinicalnTool for DocumentingnFuture Planning WithnClients.(AJOT 1997)