23.
(A) attributed
(B) contributed
(C) transformed
(D) restricted

24. (A) informed (B) accidental (C) reluctant (D) temporary

25. (A) estimate (B) conceal (C) amplify (D) simplify IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer based on the passage. 20% (2 for each question) Passage 1 An outbreak of Ebola caused by the Bundibugyo strain has raised serious concerns among health authorities in Central and East Africa. Unlike some other forms of Ebola, this strain currently has no approved vaccine or treatment, making containment efforts particularly challenging. The disease was first detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and later spread to neighboring regions, including Uganda. To address the crisis, major public health organizations have coordinated a continent-wide response strategy. Rather than focusing solely on treating infected patients, the plan emphasizes disease surveillance, laboratory testing, community engagement, and cross-border cooperation. Health experts argue that timely identification of new cases is essential because delays may allow the virus to spread undetected. Despite these efforts, several obstacles remain. Ongoing insecurity in affected areas has complicated response operations, while shortages of diagnostic resources have limited the speed of testing. In addition, thousands of individuals who may have been exposed to the virus have not yet been located, making contact tracing extremely difficult. Public health officials warn that controlling the outbreak will require not only medical resources but also cooperation from local communities. Lessons learned from previous epidemics suggest that successful disease control depends on public trust, sustained funding, and effective coordination among governments and international organizations. Without these factors, the outbreak could continue to expand and place additional pressure on already vulnerable health systems.

26. According to the passage, one major challenge in controlling the current outbreak is that (A) the virus has already spread to every African country. (B) no approved vaccine or treatment currently exists for this strain. (C) governments have refused to cooperate with health agencies. (D) laboratory testing is no longer considered necessary.

27. The word containment in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to (A) prevention of further spread (B) scientific discovery (C) economic recovery (D) political negotiation

28. According to the passage, the response strategy includes all of the following EXCEPT (A) community engagement (B) laboratory testing (C) disease surveillance (D) mandatory closure of all national borders

29. Why does the author mention contact tracing in the third paragraph? (A) To illustrate why vaccine development is unnecessary (B) To explain how governments collect economic data (C) To emphasize a major difficulty in controlling the outbreak (D) To show that most infections occur outside Africa

30. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? (A) Ebola outbreaks can be eliminated solely through medical treatment. (B) International organizations should assume full responsibility for public health emergencies. (C) The current Ebola outbreak highlights the importance of coordinated action, adequate resources, and community cooperation. (D) Previous Ebola outbreaks offer little information that can be applied to current disease-control efforts. Passage 2 CRISPR has transformed biological research by providing scientists with a highly precise method for modifying genetic material. Although it is now widely associated with gene editing, the technology originated from a natural defense mechanism found in certain microorganisms. By combining a guiding RNA molecule with specialized enzymes, researchers can locate and alter specific DNA sequences with remarkable accuracy. The technology has attracted considerable attention because of its medical applications. In recent years, CRISPR-based therapies have received approval for treating some inherited blood disorders. Unlike traditional treatments that mainly reduce symptoms, these therapies aim to correct the genetic abnormalities responsible for disease. Early clinical studies have reported encouraging results, with many patients experiencing long-lasting improvements in health. Beyond medicine, CRISPR has influenced several other fields. Researchers have applied it to agriculture to develop crops that can better withstand environmental challenges. In addition, CRISPR-related tools have been adapted for early disease detection, demonstrating value not only in treatment but also in diagnosis. Nevertheless, the technology continues to generate ethical debate. Some scientists believe that gene editing could eventually prevent serious inherited disorders before they develop. Others argue that altering human genetic material may create unforeseen consequences and raise concerns about fairness and social inequality. As CRISPR technology advances, many experts emphasize that scientific innovation should be accompanied by careful oversight and responsible regulation.

31. According to the passage, CRISPR was originally derived from (A) a pharmaceutical treatment developed in hospitals (B) a diagnostic device used during disease outbreaks (C) an agricultural method designed to improve crops (D) a natural defense system found in microorganisms

32. The word encouraging in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to (A) controversial (B) promising (C) temporary (D) unavoidable

33. According to the passage, CRISPR has been applied in all of the following fields EXCEPT (A) renewable energy (B) agriculture (C) medicine (D) disease diagnosis

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