23. The expression of phosphatidyIserine on cell surface could be observed in which cell behavior?
(A) apoptosis
(B) autophagy
(C) phagocytosis
(D) cell replication
(E) pyroptosis

24. Which linkage is presented in sucrose in between? (A) a-1.8-2-glycosidic (B) B-1,4-glycosidic (C) a-1,4-glycosidic (D) B-1,6-glycosidic (E) a-1,6-glycosidic

25.Which one of the following is the substrate for cyclooxygenase-2? (A) arachidonic acid (B) triacylglycerol (C) estradiol (D) prostaglandins (E) leukotriene

1. O2 crosses the cell membrane by (A) active transport. (B) diffusion through a channel. (C) facilitated diffusion. (D) simple diffusion.

2. In theory, will diffusion occur at the absolute zero temperature? (A) Yes, as long as concentration gradients still exist. (B) No, because there is no random molecular motion. (C) Yes, as long as there is energy provided by ATP for diflusion. (D) No, because ATP cannot be hydrolyzed at the absolute zero temperature.

3. Which of the following factors does NOT influence the equilibrium potential for an ion? (A) the concentration gradient of the ion across the membrane (B) the temperature (C) the permeability of the ion across the membrane (D) the valence of the ion

4. Two neighboring ncurons are at rest. Neuron A has a resting membrane potential of -80 mV, and Neuron B has a resting membrane potential of -70 mV, Immediately after deployment of new gap junctions between Neuron A and Neuron B, which of the following will most likely occur? (A) Cations move from Neuron A to Neuron B, and anions move from Neuron A to Neuron B. (B) Cations move from Neuron A to Neuron B, and anions move from Neuron B to Neuron A. (C) Cations move from Neuron B to Neuron A, and anions move from Neuron A to Neuron B. (D) Cations move from Neuron B to Neuron A, and anions move from Neuron B to Neuron A.

5. What will be the most possible result when excessive K' ions suddenly accumulate in the T-tubules of skeletal muscles? (A) Excitation of motor neurons (B) Depolarization and contraction of muscle cells without changes in motor neurons (C) Inhibition of motor neurons (D) Hyperpolarization and relaxation of muscle cells without changes in motor neurons

6. Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle contraction is NOT true? (A) All neuromuscular junctions are excitatory. (B) Multiple action potentials in the motor neuron may cause a sustained contraction. (C) During every muscle contraction, muscle fibers change length. (D) Every action potential in a motor neuron normally produces an action potential in the postsynaptic muscle cell membrane.

7.Which is a TRUE stateme ent about smooth muscle? (A) Smooth muscle does not have gap junctions. (B) Smooth muscle does not have thick and thin filaments. (C) Activation of smooth muscle contraction does not require troponin-tropom yosin. (D) Activation of smooth muscle contraction does not require .

8. Hormones normally have the least effects on excitability and contraction of (A) skeletal muscle cells. (B) single-unit smooth muscle cells. (C) multi-unit smooth muscle cells. (D) cardiac muscle cells.

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