試題詳解

25. When the administration of opioids failed to manage pain or the dose of opioids are noted to escalate, the following differential diagnosis should be considered, except:
(A) Limited absorption of oral preparations-vomiting or gastric stasis.
(B) Pain poorly responsive to opioids alone- such as Neuropathic pain
(C) Pharmacological factors: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia
(D) Psychological factors: Distress, Anxiety or Depression
(E) All of the above should be considered