27.Which statements about signal transduction pathways is/are TRUE? (A) GPCRs activate heterotrimeric G-proteins (B) RTKs autophosphorylate on tyrosine residues (C) Second messengers can freely diffuse in the cytosol (D) SH2 domains bind phosphorylated serine (E) MAP kinase cascades often rely on sequential phosphorylation events to amplify signals.

8. Which are the characteristics of genetic analysis? (A) Some of alleles can exhibit both recessive and dominant properties. (B) Dominant alleles are often the consequence of a mutation that causes some kind of gain of function. (C)Dominant mutations in certain genes are associated with a loss of function. (D)Dominant negative produces a phenotype similar to that obtained from a loss-of function mutation. (E)Recessive and dominant mutant alleles generally have opposite effects on gene function.

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