29. Why are many of the cliff dwellings only accessible by rope-ladder?
(A) To limit the number of tourists and lower the possibility of being damaged.
(B) To make it harder to be intruded by possible enemies.
(C) To save on the cost of building or carving stone ladders.
(D) To show their great skill of basket weaving in another form.

I. Sentence Fill-in : Fill in the blank with the most logically appropriate sentence. 1. ________________ Efforts to develop a vaccine against the brain disorder have stalled, and no drugs have been able to reverse the slow death of neurons that robs people of their memories and thoughts. For the first time in many years, however, researchers in the field are genuinely excited about the potential for effective drug treatments and helpful new risk factors. (A) Alzheimer's disease can be treated by an inexpensive herb called lucerne. (B) Doctors researching on Alzheimer's disease have been optimistic about its treatment options. (C) When it comes to Alzheimer's disease, there hasn't been much to celebrate in recent years. (D) My father is a typical patient of Alzheimer's disease.

2. An interesting study reveals that people, throughout their entire life, would buy at least 200 pieces of unwanted, or useless, things. The most common items people take home without thorough consideration include ornaments, calendars, cards, etc., which are pretty but petty. ________________ Encyclopedias are one popular, or to be correct, unpopular example. People love to purchase them but hardly use or consult them before they sell, donate or just discard them. (A) People always regret spending money on those cheap stuff. (B) On the contrary, there are some things that few people would regret buying. (C) Researchers have found out the reasons behind this irrational behavior. (D) Surprisingly, things with high prices and of great importance are among the top of the list, too.

3. ________________ First of all, recovered footage of the landing shows the American flag moving around. As there is no wind on the moon, some reckon that the movement was caused by air-conditioning in a Hollywood studio. Another suspicious circumstance is the condition of the soil under the lunar module’s engine and feet. The moon surface where the spacecraft landed was completely undisturbed, which was very unlikely to happen since there should have been marks around the feet and a big hole where the engine blasted into the soil. (A) Have you ever wondered how the American astronauts managed to land on the moon? (B) Moon landing is considered one of the most difficult achievements in human history. (C) With reasonable speculations, skeptics believe that the moon landing of the 60s never happened. (D) For most people in the 60s, human landing on the moon is an unbelievable miracle.

4. There is an old saying that goes: Look before you leap. It means one should think carefully about the possible results or consequences of doing something. ________________ We tend to say cruel and harmful words to others, sometimes our friends or family, without thorough consideration. Unfortunately, what have been said could often cause long-lasting or even permanent damage to the friendship or kinship which we are involved in. Therefore, always think again before some quick words slip out of your tongue.  (A) Nevertheless, in sports we must do in the opposite way. (B) Similarly, the same thing applies to verbal actions: Think before you speak. (C) In other words, honest is the best policy. (D) By contrast, we must be brave and say things out loud when expressing ourselves.

5. Around 4,000 years ago, in an important step of their socioeconomic evolution, human beings, with their increasing needs in nutrition and in food choices, started to breed animals and process their milk. That’s when cheese was born. We say “born” because cheese cannot really be said to have been “invented.” It must have resulted from the simple observation that milk left in a container ends up changing to a solid state. ________________ (A) This is how human beings create cheese in the very beginning. (B) To sum up, cheese has become a prevalent food in western countries. (C) Therefore, people have underestimated the importance of cheese to our life. (D) This might be considered the first technological cheese-making discovery.

II. Sentence Order : Choose the best sequence of sentences that makes a coherent passage.6. (1) The essay described how he ended the life of a young woman dying painfully of cancer. (2) The Journal of the American Medical Association is not known as a hotbed of controversy. (3) Nevertheless, in 1988 the editors of JAMA created an uproar by publishing an article by an anonymous doctor. (4) According to the author, the only words from the woman were “Let’s get over with it” before he gave her a lethal dose of morphine. (5) Most of its articles are highly technical, and debates found on its pages are cool exchanges in professional language between medical specialists.(A) 23514 (B) 25314 (C) 41253 (D) 25341

7. (1) Soccer is a difficult sport for many Americans to enjoy. (2) Unless they do, I am afraid soccer will remain a stepchild in American sport. (3) Since soccer is often a low-scoring event, you must know the sport well to enjoy it. (4) However, many Americans, with their passion for football, basketball, and baseball, will never take the time to understand the beauty of it. (5) And to figure out strategies and tactics of it and appreciate its game requires time and patience.(A) 14352 (B) 13542 (C) 35142 (D) 34215

8. (1) It’s just like the metamorphosis process of a caterpillar becoming a butterfly or a tadpole becoming a frog. (2) This critical period is commonly seen during teenage or early adulthood, when identities and values are still being searched and explored. (3) With the accumulation of knowledge, experiences and thoughts, a person then may change into someone totally new to him/herself or different from he or she used to be. (4) For humans, a successful transformation would lead to maturity and wisdom in a person. (5) Most people would experience in their life a stage of embarrassment before they become self-aware and fully shaped in characters.(A) 41253 (B) 52314 (C) 51423 (D) 53124

9. (1) So today, “white elephant” refers to something that is of limited use and is a very expensive burden. (2) Traditionally, for people in Thailand and some other Asian countries, the rare white elephant had tremendous religious significance. (3) For this reason, a white elephant was sometimes given as a gift to an enemy. (4) They were also expensive to keep as they have special dietary requirements. (5) Because of this, white elephants didn’t work in the forests.(A) 13254 (B) 23451 (C) 12543 (D) 25431

10. (1) Pilots and flight attendants have long known that they become especially forgetful when they fly often with little rest. (2) He decided to find out why people with jet lag become especially forgetful. (3) A scientist named Kwangwok Cho, who had to fly across the Atlantic several times in one month, notice the same problem with his short-term memory. (4) People usually think of this loss of short-term memory as part of jet lag, the negative effects that many people feel after long flights. (5) They lose their car keys, forget their room number at a hotel, or forget the names of people they have just met.(A) 34215 (B) 43215 (C) 15432 (D) 51432

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