30. In the emission spectrum of mercury, there is a spectral line at 404.66 nm produced by mercury atoms undergoing electronic transitions from n=7 to n=6, where n is the principal quantum number. Since the upper level is threefold degenerate, in an external magnetic field the symmetry is broken and the degeneracy disappears, and thus the spectral line splits into three, as shown in the figure. This spectroscopic phenomenon is ascribed to

(A) Meissner effect
(B) Stark effect
(C) Raman effect
(D) Hall effect
(E) Zeeman effect. 。

31. With sufficient energy, it’s possible to eject an electron from an inner atomic orbital. A higher-energy electron will then drop into the unoccupied state, emitting a photon with energy equal to the difference between the two levels. For inner-shell electrons, photon energies are in the keV range, putting them in the X-ray region of the spectrum. These characteristic X-rays are labeled with the letter indicating the shell to which the electron drops, followed by a Greek letter indicating the higher level from which it drops; thus ?? designates a transition from the L shell to the K shell. Molybdenum’s X-ray spectrum has its ?? peak at17.4 keV. Note that Plank’s constant is 6.626 × 10−34 m2 ∙ kg/s, speed of light is 3 × 108 m/s, and one electron charge is 1.6 × 10−19 C. The corresponding X-ray wavelength is closest to (A) 10 pm (B) 30 pm (C) 70 pm (D) 150 pm (E) 200 pm.

32. A long ladder leans against a smooth vertical wall, with its base resting on a rough horizontal floor. Let the length of the ladder be L, its weight be W, and the angle it makes with the floor be θ (less than 90°). If the ladder is on the verge of sliding, what is the coefficient of static friction between the floor and the base of the ladder? (A) (1/2) tan θ (B) (1/2) cot θ (C) 2 tan θ (D) 2 cot θ

33. The circuit in the figure extends forever to the right, and all the resistors have the same value ?. What is the equivalent resistance measured across the two terminals at left? Note that ≈ 1.414, ≈ 1.732, ≈ 2.236, and≈ 2.646. (A) 1.57 ? (B) 1.62 ? (C) 1.67 ? (D) 1.72 ? (E) 1.77 ?

34. What is the function of the circuit in the figure if we focus on the voltage change across the resistor? Assume the RC time constant is large enough in the case. (A) As a step-up transformer (B) As a step-down transformer (C) As a DC power supply (D) As an AC power supply (E) As a photodiode

35. Phasor diagrams summarize phase and amplitude relations among passive components in AC circuits. A phasor is an arrow whose length represents the amplitude of an AC voltage or current, rotating counterclockwise with the angular frequency ω of the AC quantity. The phasor’s component on either axis represents the sinusoidally varying AC quantity. The figure shows the phasor diagram for an RLC circuit. Note that VRp is the peak value of the voltage across the resistor, VCp is the peak value of the voltage across the capacitor, and VLp is the peak value of the voltage across the inductor. About this RLC circuit, which of the following statement is correct? (A) The driving frequency is above resonance. (B) The driving frequency is about resonance. (C) The driving frequency is below resonance. (D) The driving frequency varies. (E) The driving frequency is dominantly determined by V?p.

36. A solid spher of radius ? carries a uniform volume charge density ?. A hole of radius R/2 occupies a region from the center to the edge of the sphere, as shown in the figure. Whate is the electric field everywhere in the hole? Note that ∈0is the electric constant.(A) ρR/2∈0 (B) ρR/3∈0 (C) ρR/4∈0 (D) ρR/5∈0 (E)ρR/6∈0

37. A container filled with water rests on a horizontal floor. If the container moves to the right with a constant acceleration a, the water surface will tilt. Given the acceleration due to gravity is g, which of the following equations is satisfied by the angle θ between the water surface and the horizontal? (A) sin θ = a/g (B) cos θ = a/g (C) tan θ = a/g (D) tan θ = g/a

38. An object of density ρ and volume V is suspended from a spring scale and completely submerged in a liquid of density ρL (ρ ＞ ρL). If the container is placed in an elevator accelerating vertically upward with an acceleration a, what is the reading on the spring scale? (A) V(ρ - ρL)(g + a) (B) V(ρ - ρL)g + Vρa (C) V(ρ + ρL)(g + a) (D) V(ρ - ρL)(g - a)

39. On a thermodynamic P-V (pressure-volume) diagram, comparing the slope of the curve for an adiabatic process to that of an isothermal process (assuming the gas expands), which of the following is correct? (A) The adiabatic curve is steeper (has a greater absolute slope). (B) The isothermal curve is steeper (has a greater absolute slope). (C) The slopes are the same. (D) It depends on the type of gas.

40. An ideal gas undergoes a Carnot cycle. If the volume of the gas doubles during the isothermal expansion, how does the magnitude of the work done on the gas during the isothermal compression compare to the magnitude of the work done by the gas during the isothermal expansion? (A) The work of compression is greater. (B) The work of expansion is greater. (C) Both are equal. (D) It depends on the temperature ratio of the high- and low-temperature reservoirs.

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