30. When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of:
(A) Splitting water molecules.
(B) Chemiosmosis.
(C) The electron transfer system of photosystem I.
(D) The electron transfer system of photosystem II.

1. What concentration of magnesium chloride: (MgCl2) in water is needed to produce an aqueous solution having an osmotic pressure of 17.2 atm at a temperature of 27°C? (A) 0.176 M, (B) 0.235 M, (C) 0.353 M, (D) 0.705 M, (E) 1.41 M

2. A general reaction is the formation of molecule C from two reactant molecules, A and B.   A + B → C The reaction was run multiple times at constant temperature using different initial concentrations of the two reactants. The initial rates obtained are included in the table below. The rate equation is of the form: Rate =  Determine the reaction orders with respect to A and B. (A) 1 & 1, (B) 2 & 1, (C) 0 & 1, (D) 0 & 2, (E) 1 & 2

3. Under what conditions does a real gas exhibit nearly ideal behavior?  (A) high temperature and high pressure, (B) high temperature and low pressure, (C) low temperature and high pressure, (D) low temperature and low pressure, (E) it is independent on temperature and pressure

4. What are the major species in an acidic solution (general formula: HA) that is 2.50% dissociated? (A) (B)(C) HA & H₂O, (D)(E)

5. Which of the following is not a state function? (A) pressure, (B) internal energy, (C) volume, (D) enthalpy, (E) work

6. Which of the following molecules has no dipole moment?  (A) SO3, (B) H2O, (C) HF, (D) O3, (E) CO

7. Which of the following titration combinations would have a pH less than 7 at the equivalent point?  (A) HNO3(aq) is titrated with NaOH(aq), (B) CH3COOH(aq) is titrated with NaOH(aq), (C) KOH(aq) is titrated with HCl(aq), (D) H2SO4(aq) is titrated with KOH(aq), (E) NH3(aq) is titrated with HCl(aq)

8. Which of the following is the strongest base?  (A) (B)(C)(D) H2O, (E)

9. The vapor pressure of liquid ethane thiol, C2H5SH, is 100 mmHg at 260 K. A sample of C2H5SH is placed in a closed, evacuated 557 mL container at a temperature of 260 K. It is found that all of the C2H5SH is in the vapor phase and that the pressure is 69 mm Hg. If the volume of the container is reduced to 213 mL at constant temperature, how many of the following statements are correct? ▪Only ethane thiol vapor will be present ▪Some of the vapor present before reducing the volume will condense ▪Liquid ethane thiol will be present ▪The pressure in the container will be 100 mmHg  ▪No condensation will occur (A) 1, (B) 2, (C) 3, (D) 4, (E) 5

10. Which of the following laws describes "The entropy of the universe is always increasing" ?  (A) First Law of Thermodynamics, (B) Second Law of Thermodynamics, (C) Third Law of Thermodynamics, (D) Fourth Law of Thermodynamics, (E) Hess's Law

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