32. A woman had several miscarriages. Her doctor suspected that a hormonal insufficiency was causing the lining of the uterus to break down, as it does during menstruation, terminating her pregnancies. Treatment with which of the following might help her remain pregnant?
(A) prolactin
(B) oxytocin
(C) testosterone
(D) luteinizing hormone
(E) follicle-stimulating hormone

28. Which of the following is a characteristic of all organisms, but not of viruses? (A) genetic information stored as nucleic acid (B) ability to control metabolism (C) ability to reproduce (D) structure includes proteins (E) plasma membrane

29. Researchers suspect that cytotoxic T cells are usually able to find and attack cancer cells because (A) B cells help them. (B) cancer is induced by bacteria. (C) cancer is an autoimmune disease. (D) cancer cells release antibodies into the blood. (E) cancer changes the surfaces of cancerous cells.

30. Which of the following statements is not true? (A) Chloroplast and mitochondria generate ATP by the same mechanism: chemiosmosis (a H+ gradient across the membrane). (B) The inner membrane of the mitochondria translocate H+ from the intermembrane space to the matrix. (C) Phosphorylation of ADP occurs as the H+ flow back across the membrane through the ATP synthase. (D) ATP is made on the matrix side of the mitochondrial membrane. (E) When ATP synthesis in chloroplast, things occur in the stroma is similar to that occurs in the matrix of mitochondria.

31. The extinction of plants has severe consequences because: (A) plants do not have the extensive ranges that animals do. (B) plants require more nutrients than animals. (C) plants require longer periods of time to reproduce than animals. (D) plants are more susceptible to environmental changes than animals. (E) plants are bases of foundations of food webs.

33. In eukaryotes, what is the active transcription generally associated with? (A) Euchromatin only (B) Heterochromatin only (C) Highly methylated DNA only (D)Very tightly packed DNA only (E) Both euchromatin and highly methylated DNA

34. Which of the following can be used as a cloning vector? (A) E. coli (B) Eco RI (C) lambda phage (D) bacterial plasmid (E) Both C and D are correct

35. Which of the following is not true of a codon? (A) It consists of three nucleotides. (B) It may code for the amino acid as another codon does. (C) It never codes for more than one amino acid. (D) It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule. (E) It is the basic unit of the genetic code.

36. The theory that suggests that eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts may have originated from a mutualistic relationship between two prokaryotes is referred to as (A) eukaryotic symbiosis. (B) eukaryotic germ theory. (C) eukaryotic coevolution. (D) eukaryotic microevolution. (E) endosymbiotic theory.

37. What percentage of the DNA in a typical eukaryotic cell is expressed at any given time? (A) 3-5% (B) 5-20% (C) 20-40% (D) 40-60% (E) 60-90%

38. What hormone is essential for a tadpole to develop into an adult frog? (A) growth hormone (B) insulin (C) calcitonin (D)glucagons (E) thyroxine