33 Which of the following is closest in meaning to “forgoing” in the second paragraph?
(A)Abandoning.
(B) Transporting.
(C)Generating.
(D) Escaping.

34 What is the purpose of the third paragraph? (A)To explain why previous research produced negative results about vegetarianism. (B)To provide scientific evidence supporting the health effects of vegan diets. (C)To reveal the increase in the number of vegans in the American society. (D)To show how plant-based eating can be associated with certain chronic illness.

35 What is the main idea of the last paragraph? (A)Converting to a Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of chronic illness. (B)Going vegan has become a way of showing personal freedom. (C)Adopting a partial vegetarian diet can still make people healthy. (D)Foods like tofu and beans provide a good source of protein for vegans.

36 What is the main purpose of this passage? (A)To argue against the open-closed theory and offer a better explanation. (B)To show evidence that open and closed are not necessarily opposites. (C)To criticize the division between left and right that defines politics. (D)To make evident that political polarization is not a new phenomenon.

37 Why does the author use the phrase “by the same token” in Paragraph 2? (A)To imply that the example given before is to offer an opposite view. (B)To introduce an instance which is true for the same reason that was given previously. (C)To add another case which is more important than what was said and to correct it. (D)To indicate that what is said is partly true in spite of the thing that has happened.

38 Why does the gap between exam-passers and exam-flunkers offer a better explanation of political polarization than the open-closed split? (A)It allows access to a world that is protected from the disadvantage of globalization. (B)It guarantees jobs with superstar companies that have measures to protect themselves. (C)It reveals the deeper forces dividing the worlds and expresses the concerns of losers. (D)It provides a middle-class organization that offers security and the state bureaucracy.

39 Why does the author mention “Constantinople” in Paragraph 2? (A) To imply that having a strong border gives people a sense that they can be more open. (B)To make readers doubt the boast the city once made of having a formidable wall. (C)To suggest that the world’s great center of commerce was the crossroads and the harbor. (D)To question whether a walled city necessarily means closedness.

40 According to the last two paragraphs, which of the following statements is true about people failing exams? (A)United by anger at the elitists, they are eager to change the existing system. (B)They play down the legitimate concerns of losers and spare winners. (C)With a common outlook, they legitimize their disdain for rival tribes. (D)They are willing to be more open as long as their jobs are protected.

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