33. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is used as a second messenger by:
(A) Insulin
(B) Glucagon
(C)Epinephrine
(D)Atrial natriuretic factor
(E)Thyroxine

34. Which of the following descriptions is correct? (A) Hormones derived from tyrosine could be lipophilic or hydrophilic. (B) Arachidonic acids can only be generated from phospholipids cleaved by phospholipase A. (C)Peptide hormones are mature and biologically functional once the peptide is translated. (D)Vitamin D binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane. (E)None of the descriptions above (A-D) is correct.

35. Which description about the cell death process is correct? (A) Caspase 9 is involved in activating caspase 3. (B) Mitochondrial membrane leaking is required. (C)Mitochondrial cytochrome C release is involved in the following Caspase 3 activation. (D)The main executioner is Caspase 3. (E)All of the above are correct.

36. Which description about N-linked glycosylation is correct? (A) Ser/Thr is the attached site. (B) Containing Gal-Gal-Xyl tri-saccharides. (C)Asn is the attached site. (D)N-acetyl galactosamine is the core sugar for attachment. (E)The lysosomal protein sorting pathway is involved.

37. Which of the following proteins is involved in type IV collagen synthesis? (A) Lysyl oxidase (B) HSP47 (C)Telopeptidase (D)HSP60 (E)A, B, and C are all involved.

38. Which enzyme is involved in Cis Golgi oligosaccharides processing? (A) Oligosaccharide:protein transferase (B) N-acetyl galactosaminyltransferase (C)Fucosyltransferase (D)Galactose transferase (E)Mannosidase

39. The smallest carbohydrates are trioses. Which of the following is a triose? (A) Glucose (B) Ribulose (C)Ribose (D)Fructose (E)None of the above

40. The general formula of a carbohydrate is: (A) (CH2O)n (B) (C4H2O)n (C)(C6H2O)n (D)(C2H2O)n-COOH (E)None of the above

41. In lactose, the linkage is:   (A) β-1-4 linkage (B) β-1-2 linkage (C)α-1-4 linkage (D)α-1-2 linkage (E)None of the above (Image of lactose structure)

42. Which of the following substrates is NOT coupled to the production of NADH? (A) Malate (B) Pyruvate (C)alpha-Ketoglutarate (D)Succinate (E)None of the above

43. In translation initiation, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is recognized by: (A) eIF-4E (B) EF-Ts (C)IF-2 (D)fMet-tRNA^Met (E)16S rRNA

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