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    I consider myself a scientist, and the theory of evolution is central to my thinking. I am a social scientist and have been informed by insights from many social sciences, including economics. Yet I have very little sympathy with hegemonic attempts to explain all human behaviors via evolutionary psychology, via rational-choice economics and/or by a combination of these two frameworks.
     In a planet occupied by over 7 billion inhabitants, I am amazed by the difference one human being can make. Think of classical music with Mozart or Stravinsky; of painting without Caravaggio, Picasso or Pollock; of drama with Shakespeare or Beckett. Think of the incredible contributions of Michelangelo or Leonardo, or, in recent times, the outpouring of deep feeling at the death of Steve Jobs (or, for that matter, Michael Jackson or Princess Diana). Think of human values in the absence of Moses or Christ.
      Alas, not all singular individuals make a positive difference. The history of the 20th century would be far happier had it not been for Hitler, Stalin, or Mao (or the 21st century without Bin Laden). But in reaction to these individuals, there sometimes arise more praiseworthy figures: Konrad Adenauer in Germany, Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union, Deng Xiaoping in China. These successors also make a signal difference.

     I consider Mahatma Gandhi to be the most important human being o

ennium. His achievements in India speak for themselves. But even if Gan

ributed vital energy and leadership in his own country, he had enormous influence

peaceful resisters across the globe: Nelson Mandela in South Africa, Martin Luther King Jr.

United States, and the solitary figures in Tiananmen Square in 1989

Square in 2011.

      Despite the laudatory efforts of scientists to ferret out patterns in human

tinue to be struck by the impact of single individuals, or of small group

nst the odds. As scholars, we cannot and should not sweep these instances under

investigative rug. We should bear in mind anthropologist Margaret Mead's famous

injunction: "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change

the world, indeed, it is the only that ever has."

                                                                       ~~Howard Gardner


【題組】46. What is an appropriate title for this passage?
(A) The History of Mankind
(B) Patterns of Human Behavior
(C) The Importance of Individuals
(D) Great Men in History


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 【站僕】摩檸Morning:有沒有達人來解釋一下?
倒數 2時 ,已有 1 則答案
隨手按讚五星 祝上榜 (2024/08/28):

全文翻譯:

我認為自己是一名科學家,進化論在我的思想中居於核心地位。我是一名社會科學家,並從包括經濟學在內的許多社會科學中獲得了洞見。然而,我對試圖通過演化心理學、理性選擇經濟學或這兩者結合來解釋所有人類行為的霸權性企圖並不認同。

在這個擁有超過70億人口的星球上,我對一個人能產生的影響感到驚訝。想想有了莫札特或史特拉文斯基的古典音樂;沒有卡拉瓦喬、畢卡索或波洛克的繪畫;有了莎士比亞或貝克特的戲劇。再想想米開朗基羅或達文西的驚人貢獻,或者在最近史蒂夫·喬布斯(或者更不用說邁克爾·傑克遜或戴安娜王妃)去世時所引發的深切情感。想想如果沒有摩西或基督,人類價值觀會是什麼樣子。

然而,並不是所有的個人都能帶來正面的影響。20世紀的歷史如果沒有希特勒、斯大林或毛澤東,會幸福得多(或者21世紀沒有本·拉登)。但是,作為對這些人物的反應,有時也會出現一些更值得讚揚的人物:德國的康拉德·阿登納,蘇聯的米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫,中國的鄧小平。這些繼任者也產生了重要的影響。

我認為聖雄甘地是千年以來最重要的人物。他在印度的成就不言自明。但即使甘地在自己的國家提供了至關重要的能量和領導力,他對世界各地和平抗爭者也產生了巨大影響:南非的納爾遜·曼德拉、美國的馬丁·路德·金,以及1989年天安門廣場上的那些孤單的身影,還有2011年的阿拉伯之春。

儘管科學家們為發掘人類行為模式所付出的努力值得讚賞,但我仍然為個人或小群體在困難面前所能產生的影響所震撼。作為學者,我們不能,也不應該將這些例子掃到調查地毯下。我們應該記住人類學家瑪格麗特·米德的名言:“永遠不要懷疑一小群有思想、有承諾的公民可以改變世界,事實上,只有他們曾經做到過。”

 

 

 

 

 

正確答案是 (C) The Importance of Individuals

解釋:

這篇文章討論了個人在歷史和社會中的重要性,作者強調了個人和小群體在世界上的巨大影響力。文章中的例子,包括偉大的藝術家、政治領袖和科學家,以及他們對世界的影響,都支持了這一主題。因此,"The Importance of Individuals" 是最合適的標題。

其他選項的分析:

  • (A) The History of Mankind 不完全概括文章的主題,因為文章重點不是人類歷史,而是個人在歷史中的作用。
  • (B) Patterns of Human Behavior 雖然文章提到了科學家研究人類行為模式的努力,但這不是文章的主要焦點。
  • (D) Great Men in History 也涉及到文章中提到的偉人,但標題不夠精確,因為文章討論的不僅僅是偉人,還包括他們的重要性和影響力。
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