31. Which of the following statements regarding electron transfer is true? 1. A positive reduction potential means substance has higher affinity for electron. 2. ATP synthase would be unable to produce ATP if a toxin inhibits the establishment of the proton gradient in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. 3. Cells treated with the drug 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) which destroys the H+ gradient that forms in the electron transport chain will be forced to perform fermentation. 4. Cyanide is very toxic in high enough doses because it binds irreversibly to cytochrome C, resulting in the increase of several enzymes' activities of the citric acid cycle. (A) 1, 2, and 4 are correct. (B) 1, 3, and 4 are correct. (C) 1, 2, and 3 are correct. (D) 2, 3, and 4 are correct. (E) All are correct.
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