34. Which description of “Apoptosis signaling” is correct?
(A) Caspase 8 plays a pivotal role in the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
(B) Caspase 9 plays a pivotal role in the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
(C) The release of cytochrome c initiates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
(D) None of above

30. By which cellular component are gangliosides degraded? (A) Endoplasmic reticulum (B) Peroxisome (C) Lysosome (D) None of above

31. Which phospholipase is responsible for the hydrolysis of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate (PIP2) to release inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)? (A) Phospholipase A (B) Phospholipase B (C) Phospholipase C (D) None of above

複選題32. Which description of prostaglandins (PG) is correct? (A) PGE2 and other series 2 prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonate. (B) Series 2 prostaglandins are derived from EPA. (C) Some PGs trigger dilation of the smooth muscle of the uterus during menstruation and labor. (D) None of above

33. Which description of “Tumor suppressor genes” is correct? (A) Encode proteins that normally restrain cell division. (B) Mutation in one or more of these genes can lead to tumor formation. (C) Rb and p53 are tumor repressor genes. (D) All of above

35. Which description of Apc (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene is   NOT   correct? (A) A tumor suppressor gene (B) Mutation of Apc results in the formation of colon polyps or colorectal cancers. (C) Apc mutation in mice may result in severe anemia. (D) None of above

36. Which enzyme can allosterically regulate glycolysis? (A) Hexokinase (B) Phosphofructokinase-1 (C) Pyruvate kinase (D) All of above

37. Which description of glycogen synthesis is   NOT   correct? (A) Glycogen synthesis mainly happen in the liver. (B) Glycogen synthesis required glycogen phosphorylase and branching enzyme. (C) Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to glucose-1-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase. (D) The substrate for glycogen synthesis is UDP-glucose. 

38. Which description of gluconeogenesis is   NOT   correct? (A) Glucose molecules are synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors. (B) The reaction of gluconeogenesis is totally the reverse of glycolysis. (C) Fructose-1,6-bispohosphate is converted to fructose-6-phosphate by fructose bisphosphate phosphatase. (D) Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to glucose by Glucose-6-phosphatase.

39. Which description of acetyl-CoA is correct? (A) Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle. (B) Acetyl-CoA cannot be transported directly across the mitochondrial membrane. (C) During the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA transfers its acetyl group to oxaloacetate to form citrate. (D) All of above

40. Glutamine is degraded to form , CO2 and H2O. How many molecules of ATP can be generated from 1 mole of glutamine? (assuming that each NADH yields 2.5 ATP and each FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP)? (A) 23.5 (B) 25.5 (C) 27.5 (D) 30