35 依美國圖書館學會《圖書館專業核心能力》（ALA’s Core Competences of Librarianship），下列何者不屬 於「圖書館專業的基礎知能」（Foundations of the Profession）？
(A)了解圖書館史與圖書館學史
(B)具備量化與質化研究方法的知能
(C)了解圖書資訊專業倫理、價值和基本原則
(D)具有分析複雜問題和提出適當解決方法的技能

ALA在 2008 年擬定《 Core Competences of Librarianship》，提出圖書資訊學系所畢業生以及作為一個圖書館員，需要具備的8大能力範圍和40項能力指標，第一為「圖書館專業的基礎知能」（Foundations of the Profession），又分11小項：

1. (了解)圖資專業的的倫理、價值和基本原則 The ethics, values, and foundational principles of the library and information profession.

2. (體認)圖資專業者在促進民主原則和知識自由上的角色，知識自由包括(個人)表達、思想、或道德觀念的自由 The role of library and information professionals in the promotion of democratic principles and intellectual freedom (including freedom of expression, thought, and conscience).

3. (了解)圖書館史與圖書館學史 The history of libraries and librarianship.

4. (了解)人類溝通交流史及其對圖書館的影響 The history of human communication and its impact on libraries

5. (了解)各類的圖書館(學校、公共、學術、專門等圖書館)及相關資訊機構 Current types of library (school, public, academic, special, etc.) and closely related information agencies.

6. (了解)對圖資專業具重要性的國內、外社會、公共、資訊、經濟、及文化的政策和趨勢 National and international social, public, information, economic, and cultural policies and trends of significance to the library and information profession.

7. (了解)與圖書館及資訊服務機構相關的法律架構，包括與著作權、隱私、表達自由、平權和知識財產等相關的法律 The legal framework within which libraries and information agencies operate. That framework includes laws relating to copyright, privacy, freedom of expression, equal rights (e.g., the Americans with Disabilities Act), and intellectual property.

8. (了解)有效的支持圖書館、圖書館員、其他圖書館工作者、和圖書館服務的重要性 The importance of effective advocacy for libraries, librarians, other library workers, and library services.

9. (具有)分析複雜問題和提出適當解決方法的技能 The techniques used to analyze complex problems and create appropriate solutions

10. (具有)有效的溝通技巧（言語及文字的）Effective communication techniques (verbal and written)

11.(具備)圖資專業中某些特殊領域所需要的檢定/證照 Certification and/or licensure requirements of specialized areas of the profession.

參考資料