35. Homologous chromosomes
(A) are identical
(B) carry information for the same traits
(C) carry the same alleles
(D) align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II

36. Mendel crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to self-pollinate to produce an F2 generation. The results were as follows: 6022 yellow and 2001 green (8023 total). The allele for green seeds has what relationship to the allele for yellow seeds? (A) dominant (B) incomplete dominant (C) recessive (D) codominant

37. When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. What was the explanation for this result? (A) The gene involved is on the Y chromosome. (B) The gene involved is on the X chromosome. (C) The gene involved is on an autosome, and only in males. (D) There are other male-specific factors that may influence eye color in flies.

38. Bioinformatics includes all of the following except (A) using computer programs to align DNA sequences (B) creating recombinant DNA from separate species (C)developing computer-based tools for genome analysis (D) using mathematical tools to make sense of biological systems

39. Darwin and Wallace were the first to propose (A) that evolution occurs (B) a mechanism for how evolution occurs (C) that Earth is older than a few thousand years (D) natural selection as the mechanism of evolution

40. Macroevolution is (A) the same as microevolution, but includes the origin of new species (B) evolution above the species level (C) defined as the evolution of microscopic organisms into organisms that can be seen with the naked eye (D) defined as a change in allele or gene frequency over the course of many generations

41. Which of the following DOES NOT support "RNA world hypothesis" (A) RNA is single-stranded (B) RNA can function as an enzyme (C) RNA can adopt a specific three-dimensional conformation (D) Nucleotides in RNA can base pair in standard (Watson-Crick) and non-standard ways

42. Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share? (A) composition of the cell wall (B) composition of the cell wall and lack of a nuclear envelope (C) lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of plasma membrane (D) presence of plasma membrane and composition of the cell wall

43. Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common? (A) They are all wind pollinated. (B) They are heterosporous. (C) They can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae. (D) They require water for reproduction.

44. How did the evolution of the jaw contribute to diversification of early vertebrate lineages? (A) It allowed for smaller body size. (B) It was the first stage in the development of a bony skull. (C) It made additional food sources available. (D) It increased the surface area for respiration and feeding.

45. The polarity of a plant is established when (A) cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo (B) the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo (C) the primary root breaks through the seed coat (D) the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates

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