36. According to this author, what does Aristotle think about virtue?

(A) it is inherited.

(B) it is inherent.

(C) it is gained.

(D) it is purchased.

32. What does "all but obsolete" mean? (A) absolutely obsolete. (B) quite obsolete. (C) a bit obsolete. (D) not at all obsolete.

33. According to this review, is this film about drone warfare? (A) yes. (B) no. (C) yes and no. (D) never specified.

34. What does the author say that the scene with Cain is a "meta-commentary"? (A) It is a commentary about airfights. (B) It is a commentary about movie business. (C) It is a commentary about military careers. (D) All of the above.

35. Choose the adjective that best fills the blank. (A) yellow. (B) blue. (C) red. (D) purple. Aristotle thought that the value or worth of a human being — his virtue — was something that he acquired in growing up. It follows that people who can't (women, slaves) or simply don't (manual laborers) acquire that virtue have no grounds for demanding equal respect or recognition with those who do. As I read him, Aristotle not only did not believe in the conception of intrinsic human dignity that grounds our modern commitment to human rights, he has a philosophy that cannot be squared with it. Aristotle's inegalitarianism is less like Kant and Hume's racism and more like Descartes's views on nonhuman animals: The fact that Descartes characterizes nonhuman animals as soulless automata is a direct consequence of his rationalist dualism. His comments on animals cannot be treated as "stray remarks." If cancellation is removal from a position of prominence on the basis of an ideological crime, it might appear that there is a case to be made for canceling Aristotle. He has much prominence: Thousands of years after his death, his ethical works continue to be taught as part of the basic philosophy curriculum offered in colleges and universities around the world. And Aristotle's mistake was serious enough that he comes off badly even when compared to the various "bad guys" of history who sought to justify the exclusion of certain groups — women, Black people, Jews, gays, atheists — from the sheltering umbrella of human dignity. Because Aristotle went so far as to think there was no umbrella.

37. According to this author, is Aristotle sexist? Is it relevant to his philosophy? (A) yes and yes. (B) yes and no. (C) no and yes. (D) no and no.

38. What is "cancellation," according to this piece? (A) censorship based on identities. (B) censorship based on viewpoints. (C) censorship based on class. (D) all of the above.

39. Why, in this author's view, does Aristotle seem more deserving of cancellation? (A) He is extreme. (B) He is influential. (C) He discriminates against people. (D) all of the above. In a message to Chinese aerospace engineers and researchers for "Youth Day" earlier this month, President Xi Jinping shared his ambitions for the industry. Young workers should advance the cause of Chinese self-reliance, he said, following in the footsteps of their predecessors who developed a home-grown nuclear weapon, missile and satellite, with little help from outsiders, in a campaign in the era of Mao Zedong called "Two bombs, one satellite". (a) On the face of things, this is an odd message to trumpet in the country that has benefited more than any other from the most recent wave of globalization. (b) Now it is the biggest partner of more than 60. Between 1985 and 2015 Chinese exports of goods to America rose by a factor of 125. Partly as a result of the associated manufacturing boom, growth in China's GDP per person averaged more than 8% a year from 2001 to 2020. (c) But the Chinese government has never been completely comfortable with globalization, whatever the benefits. The process of "reform and opening up" started by Deng Xiaoping in the 1970s, under which China liberalized production and trade, has always been piecemeal and partial. (d) The Communist Party does not intend to relinquish a commanding role in the

40. According to this author, why is Président Xi's comment on self-reliance sound weird? (A) China has failed to grow exponentially. (B) China has never failed to achieve the objective of self-sufficiencies. (C) China benefits greatly from multinational production and trade. (D) None of the above.

42. What does the word "trumpet" mean in the second paragraph? (A) disparage. (B) emphasize. (C) caution against. (D) appreciate.

43. According to this article, how does China feel about foreign capital? (A) aloof. (B) indebted. (C) mesmerized. (D) conflicted. When Mount Vesuvius erupted in AD 79, hundreds of people who had failed to flee the nearby city of Pompeii were killed by toxic gases and volcanic debris. Now, an analysis of ancient coins found with skeletons in Pompeii hints at the economic status of those who remained. Kimberly Bowes at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia analysed more than 25,000 coins found either inside cash boxes or with the remains of Pompeiians who died during the eruption. Most boxes were found in commercial spaces and 41% contained only small amounts of cash, indicating that shopkeepers might have carried away most of their savings. Of about 200 victims carrying coins, roughly half carried small sums in low-value currency. The findings suggest that the richest fled Pompeii before the eruption, leaving behind people who were either enslaved or lower-income. Another explanation for the small sums could be that, rather than amassing money or valuables, most Pompeiians preferred to invest in property and to spend their earnings on calorie-rich food and other consumer goods, the author says.