36. Which of the following is the best description of an operon?
(A) An enhancer that positively regulates gene expression.
(B) An silencer that negatively regulates gene expression.
(C) A binding element for the sigma () factor.
(D) A group of genes under the control of a common promoter.

1. Unsaturated fatty acids usually have ____ double bonds. (A) Cis (B) trans

2. Which of the following compounds yields the most energy per gram? (A) Triacylglycerols (B) Carbohydrates (C) Proteins (D) They all yield about the same amount of energy per gram.

3. In the sodium-potassium pump (A) sodium is transported out of the cell and potassium into the cell, both against concentration gradients (B) sodium is transported into the cell and potassium out of the cell, both against concentration gradients (C) sodium is transported out of the cell and potassium into the cell, both in the same direction as concentration gradients (D) sodium and potassium are both transported out of the cell against concentration gradients

4. Which of the following is a metabolic precursor of prostaglandins & leukotrienes? (A) vitamin A. (B) arachidonic acid. (C) sphingomyelin. (D) cholesterol.

5. Refer to Exhibit A. The pI of an amino acid is the pH at which it has a zero net charge. What is the increasing order of isoelectric points (low pH to high) for these three amino acids? (A) ALA, HIS, ASP (B) ASP, ALA, HIS (C) HIS, ALA, ASP (D) ALA, ASL, HIS (E) ASP, HIS, ALA

6. Refer to Exhibit A. Which of these amino acids could act as a good buffer at pH = 4.5 (A) Alanine (B) Asparagine (C) Asparagine (D) Cysteine (E) Aspartic Acid

7. Refer to Exhibit A. The pI of the peptide ALA-GLN-ARG-SER-HIS would be: (A) Strongly acid (B) Weakly acid (4-6) (C) About neutral (6-8) (D) Weakly basic (8-10) (E) Strongly basic

8. Which amino acid is not a precursor to a neurotransmitter? (A) Glutamic Acid (B) Phenylalanine (C) Serine (D) Tryptophan (E) Tyrosine

9. The main intracellular buffer system is (A) (B) (C) (D)

10. If the pH of 1 liter of a 1.0 M carbonate buffer is 7.0, what is actual number of moles of H2CO3 and ? (pK = 6.37)(A) I(B) II(C) III(D) IV(E) V

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