36. Which specific abnormality leads to Bruton's X-linked agammaglobulinemia?
(A) CD40 ligand deficiency
(B) Loss of BTK tyrosine kinase
(C) Defective WASp gene
(D) Defective STAT3

37. Which of the following statement about checkpoint blockade immunotherapy is NOT true? (A) Checkpoint blockade can augment immune responses to existing tumors. (B) Anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy acts to induce PD-1 signaling in T cells. (C) Anti-PD-I antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, are approved for treatment of several types of cancers. (D) Anti-CTLA-4 antibody, ipilimumab, is shown to be effective in treating metastatic melanoma.

38. Which of the following statement about conjugate vaccines is true? (A) Conjugate vaccine is designed to fight against pathogenic bacteria without capsular polysaccharides. (B) Conjugate vaccines rely on linked recognition between T and B cells. (C) The main aim of conjugate vaccine is to elicit species- and type-specific I cell response to the bacteria. (D) Conjugate vaccines that are developed against H. influenzae type b are not successful.

複選題39. Which of the following human body tissues are part of the mucosal immune system? (A) Salivary gland (B) Intestine (C) Respiratory tract (D) Liver

複選題40. Which of the following statements about the mucosal immune system are true? (A) Broad surface area in contact with environmental agents and microbes (B)Activated or memory T cells predominate even in the absence of infection (C) Presence of distinctive microbiota (D) Absence of inhibitory macrophages and tolerance-inducing dendritic cells

複選題41. Which are the components of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue? (A) Tonsils of Waldeyer's ring (B) Axillary lymph node (C) Appendix (D) Tonsils of Waldeyer's ring

複選題42. Which of the following statements about the gut-associated lymphoid tissue are true? (A) The normal maturation of the intestinal mucosa and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue is initiated at birth by colonization of the intestines by the commensal microbiota. (B) In the intestines of germ-free mice, Peyer's patches develop normally, and isolated lymphoid follicles are present. (C) Type 3 innate lymphoid cell subset is instrumental in organizing development of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. (D) At maturity, the intestines maintain the largest number and diversity of commensal microbes in or on the body.

複選題43.Which of the following statements about Bruton's X-linked agammaglobulinemia ar (A) A primary immunodeficiency disease (B) Recurrent infections with pyogenic bacteria during infancy (C) B-cell maturation largely arrested at the pro-B-cell stage (D) Profound B-cell deficiency

複選題44. Which could be IgE-mediated allergic reactions? (A) Hay fever (B) Systemic anaphylaxis (C) Acute urticaria (D) Food allergy

45. Which primarily involve effector mechanisms in IgE-mediated allergic reactions? (A) Mast cells (B) Receptor FceRI (C) Histamine . (D) CD25

複選題46. Which primarily involve mechanisms by tumors to avoid immune recognition? (A) Tumor bas high immunogenicity. (B) Tumor is treated as self antigen. (C) Tumor suppress immune responses directly or recruit regulatory T cells that can secrete immunosuppressive cytokines. (D) Tumor secretes molecules such as collagen that form a physical barrier.

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