38. It can be inferred from the passage that_________
(A) The Arabic Empire presumably left behind quite a few authoritarian regimes which lack economic diversification drive.
(B) Rigorous social hierarchy is commonly considered an integral part of the national economy in most Islamic countries.
(C) It can be argued that political leaders in most Islamic countries hold inherently ambivalent views on democracy.
(D) Religious extremism may account for the fact that many Muslim-majority countries in this region are not in favor of democracy.