39.
(A) public
(B) publicly
(C) the public
(D) of publicity

35. (A) impediments (B) antecedents (C) supplements (D) contaminants

36. (A) scarce (B) residual (C) abundant (D) prominent **Passage 4: Questions 37-42** As an innovator and visionary, Steve Jobs's accomplishments can be held on a pedestal with the likes of Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. The aforementioned names are all highly regarded within technology for transforming consumerism and the accessibility of information. Yet while best known as the CEO of Apple, the late Jobs has had a (37) effect on the world outside of technology. As (38) at NeXT, Pixar and Apple, Jobs had a visible role in the success of products and companies. However, behind the scenes Jobs was known by a select few as a philanthropist. While his philanthropic efforts were rarely made (39), many have (40) to Jobs's charitable nature. Jobs donated over $50 million to Stanford hospitals and contributed to various projects to fight AIDS. As a philanthropist, Jobs's goal wasn't to be recognized, but to help those who needed it. (41) are Apple products considered innovative, they are also environmentally friendly. Jobs promoted an initiative for environmentally friendly products during his time as CEO. Apple utilizes eco-conscious materials such as recycled plastics and papers in its products to conserve global resources. (42), all Apple products are ENERGY STAR qualified, which means they are energy efficient. From purchasing Pixar in 1986 to supporting charities and environmental causes, Jobs's achievements and innovations continue to affect industries and lifestyles worldwide.

37. (A) profane (B) proficient (C) profound (D) provisional

38. (A) seen (B) seeing (C) to see (D) has seen

40. (A) adhered (B) adjusted (C) appealed (D) attested

41. (A) Rarely (B) Not only (C) What matters (D) In the following

42. (A) However (B) Likewise (C) Otherwise (D) Conversely **IV: Reading Comprehension (16%)** Answer the following questions according to the information provided or implied in the passages. Choose the best answer to each question. **Passage 1: Questions 43-46** The new and now ubiquitous phenomenon of emoji—the colourful glyphs, like smileys, winks, and the thumbs up symbol—has, in less than three years, taken the world by storm. It is no exaggeration to say that emoji represents the fastest growing communication tool in history. But not everyone is happy. Jonathan Jones, a newspaper reporter, suggests that emoji is taking us back to the dark ages of illiteracy. (W) And this is not an isolated perspective. I’ve often been told, sagely—being a Professor of Linguistics, I should, presumably, know better—that emoji really is a substandard form of communication； that it self-evidently leads to a drop in spelling and/or reading standards； that it may, in fact, be damaging our ability to communicate. (X) But not only is such prejudice unfounded, it fundamentally misunderstands the nature of human communication. It also radically underestimates the potentially powerful and beneficial role of emoji in the digital age, as a communication and educational tool. Many of us have experienced the apparently angry email. Email, and other forms of digital communication, seemingly possess the power to strip all forms of nuanced expression, even from the best of us. (Y) But here emoji can help: they fulfill a similar function in digital communication, to gesture, body language and intonation, in spoken language. Emoji, in text messaging, enables us to better express tone, and to interpret what the words are meant to convey. It is no fluke, therefore, that I have found that 72% of 18-25 year olds in the UK believe that emoji make them better at expressing their feelings. Emoji is a powerful tool for enhancing text-based communication precisely because of its visual nature: it matters not a jot whether your correspondent is English, French or Japanese: a smile looks the same in any language. Psychologists have long been aware of the power of visual representations in more effectively enabling us to express or identify our thoughts and feelings. (Z) As the nature and practice of using emoji continues to develop and evolve, its significance will, I predict, become less contested.

43. Which of the following statements is TRUE? (A) Emoji has long been widely used all over the world. (B) Emoji enhances our abilities to read and write. (C) Emoji enables the user to add tone and to figure out the meaning of the text. (D) Emoji is being used to replace words in our digital communications.

44. Which of the following is the primary meaning of the underlined word "fluke" as it is used in the fourth paragraph? (A) A chance occurrence (B) A general hypothesis (C) An uncommon activity (D) An unfortunate phenomenon

45. At which place in the article would the following sentence best be inserted? "Far from emoji dragging us back to the dark ages, their advent has helped recalibrate our emotional intelligence." (A) The place marked by W (B) The place marked by X (C) The place marked by Y (D) The place marked by Z