40.
(A) understand the forces
(B) an understanding of the forces
(C) they understand the forces
(D) in order to understand the forces 

41. _______________ The rat lives in old buildings or barns, under porches, and sometimes in basements. However, the rattlesnake, lion, and tiger usually do not live where people reside. The rat is a menace in city ghetto areas and not an easy animal to control. It carries and spreads diseases such as typhus, rabies, and plague, while animals that live in the wild do not spread disease. (A) Rats are less dangerous to human beings than rattlesnakes, lions, or tigers. (B) Rats are prey, while wild animals such as the rattlesnake, lion, and tiger are predators. (C) The rat is more harmful to human beings than the rattlesnake, lion or tiger. (D) Neither the rat nor the wild animal is a threat to us as long as we do not provoke it.

42. _______________ Science fiction motion pictures are probably the ones I dislike the most. Movies with wildly conceived people, animals, or settings from some imaginary world turn me off. I would much rather see a scene set in modern-day America than in some unreal Planet X. And I prefer real human beings to robots and talking computers. Second on my “dislike list” are historic epics. Maybe I don’t have enough background, but I find the retelling of past events boring. I have enough problems today without worrying about what happened in historic Greece or fifteenth-century England. (A) I like those kinds of movies that describe imaginary lands and unknown civilizations. (B) I like movies that are full of excitement and adventure. (C) I dislike movies that are not concerned with the theme of searching for identity. (D) I dislike those types of movies that do not deal with current, real-life situations.

43. According to an ancient Roman proverb, a sound body is the sign of a sound mind. Nevertheless, today we often stereotype athletes as unintelligent, describing them as “dumb jocks” in spite of their having a sound body. Dozens of contemporary athletes, however, _______________ After leaving the sports arena, many of today’s athletes have excelled in other professions. Communications, politics, and business, for example, are just a few of the many highly competitive professions in which former college and professional athletes have succeeded after completing their sports careers. (A) have proven that athletes in general fit this stereotype. (B) have proven this label a myth. (C) have demonstrated that sports heroes are not necessarily good role models. (D) have disillusioned thousands of young people pursuing American dreams.

44. As democracy is becoming so widespread, we might expect it to be working in a highly successful way. _______________ Democracy is in some difficulty almost everywhere. This is not only because it is proving difficult to set up a stable democratic order in communist societies. Democracy is in trouble in its main countries of origin. In Britain, Europe and the US, surveys show that increasing proportions of people are dissatisfied with the political system, or indifferent towards it. (A) Yet such is not the case. (B) In contrast, communism has done more harm than good. (C) And there is no way for us to stop this trend. (D) Indeed, there are no exceptions.

45. _______________ First, the United States had to pay France for the work it had already done on the canal. Second, the United States had to get permission from Columbia to build on its soil. Finally, many workers died of yellow fever, and the United States had to find a method to rid the area of mosquitoes, which caused the deadly disease. (A) The Panama Canal was built by the United States under a treaty. (B) The Panama Canal has made a great contribution to American economy and played a vital role in world commerce. (C) The Panama Canal was hailed as the best-constructed canal in the world. (D) Building the Panama Canal was a difficult and expensive task for the United States. 

46. The U.S. National Center for Education Statistics says the number of graduating high school seniors will peak at 3.3 million in 2011. _______________ (1) Furthermore, undergraduate enrollment is projected conservatively to increase only minimally. (2) It is thus predicted that the percentage of those students going to college — now about 67 percent — will increase and make the application process even more stressful. (3) And the number will decline only slightly to 3.2 million by 2016. (4) So, if anything, the frantic competition to get into the most selective colleges is only going to get worse. (A) 4123 (B) 3124 (C) 1432 (D) 2134

47. Resilient youngsters feel special and appreciated. _______________ (1) And thus they are more likely to view mistakes, hardships and obstacles as challenges to confront rather than as stressors to avoid. (2) Eventually they will be able to become aware of their weaknesses and vulnerabilities, but they can also recognize their strong points and talents. (3) They have learned to set realistic goals and expectations for themselves. (4) They have also developed the ability to solve problems and make decisions. (A) 4312 (B) 1432 (C) 2341 (D) 3412

48. Ice cream may be a “fun” food, but the ice cream industry is surprisingly competitive, even brutal. _______________ (1) Small players running onto the field of play are likely to be beaten up by bullies. (2) The two’s whole lives had been spent in getting up after being knocked down by the big boys. (3) Despite the numerous knockdowns, Ben and Jerry have managed to make billions of sweet teeth happy ever since the first day they started to write their very own ice cream saga. (4) That is what happened repeatedly to the pair of intrepid entrepreneurs. (A) 1423 (B) 2143 (C) 4312 (D) 3241

49. A new Information Revolution is well under way. _______________ (1) Soon enough, it will surely engulf all institutions of society. (2) It is not only a revolution in technology, machinery, techniques, software or speed. (3) It is also a revolution in concepts. (4) It has started in business, enterprise, and with business information. (A) 4213 (B) 1432 (C) 3214 (D) 2341

50. The Queen took from somewhere among her wrappings a very small bottle which looked as if it were made of copper. _______________ (1) But the moment it touched the snow there was a hissing sound and there stood a jeweled cup full of something that steamed. (2) Edmund saw the drop for a second in mid-air, shining like a diamond. (3) The dwarf immediately took the cup and handed it to Edmund with a bow and a smile, not a very nice smile. (4) Then, holding out her arm, she let one drop fall from it on the snow beside the sledge. (A) 1324 (B) 2341 (C) 4213 (D) 1432

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