40. Fluoroacetate is a potent toxin which kills cells by completely disrupting the citric acid cycle and depriving cells of energy. In mammalian cells, fluoroacetate is converted to fluoroacetyl-coenzyme A and then to fluorocitrate. Which enzyme in the citric acid cycle is the target of fluoroacetate?
(A) Citrate synthase
(B) Aconitase
(C) Isocitrate dehydrogenase
(D) Succinyl-CoA synthetase
(E) Fumarase

1. Which of the following statements about the EGF and LCGF treatments is LEAST likely? (A) Some cell types have receptors for more than one growth factor. (B) Hepatoma cells have an LCGF receptor but not an EGF receptor. (C) EGF and LCGF trigger growth by binding with different affinities to the same receptor. (D) Growth factors show some specificity regarding target cell type. (E) Both normal and tumor cells can respond to growth factors.

2. Cultured fibroblasts were labeled with 32P-ortho-phosphate. Subsequent EGF treatment increased the radioactivity detected in a small subset of total cell proteins. Which of the (A) EGF acts as a protein phosphatase. (B) EGF activates a protein kinase. (C) EGF activates an ATPase. (D) EGF is phosphorylated. (E) The activated receptor acts as a protein phosphatase.

3. When the divalent antibody was made monovalent by separating the antigen-binding domains (Fabs) from the constant domain (F), the Fab portion, but not the F. portion, bound the EGF receptor. Neither portion triggered cell proliferation. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by these results? (A) EGF binds a divalent antibody but not a monovalent antibody. (B) Signal transduction requires EGF or a monovalent antibody. (C) Binding of the Fab portion alone leads to internalization of the receptor. (D) Only a divalent antibody recognizes the binding site for EGF. (E) Dimerization of EGF receptors by a divalent antibody leads to signal transduction.

4. Which of the following accounts for the extent of proliferation observed in the retrovirus-infected cells not treated with growth factors? (A) The v-erbB product has a function similar to that of activated EGF receptor. (B) EGF binds to both the EGF receptor and the v-erbB product. (C) The v-erbB product activates both the LCGF and the EGF receptors. (D) The v-erbB product antagonizes the action of the EGF receptor. (E) The v-erbB product induces secretion of EGF and LCGF.

5. Which of the following enzymes plays a direct role in the biosynthesis of collagen? (A) Prolyl hydroxylase (B) Tyrosine hydroxylase (C) Choline oxidase (D) Monoamine oxidase (E) Tryptophan oxygenase

6. Some pharmaceutical companies try frantically to find inhibitors of telomerase. A telomerase inhibitor could, in theory, be used in an attempt to (A) Boost the synthesis of muscle proteins. (B) Prevent viral infections. (C) Cure cancer. (D) Cure AIDS. (E) Make people immortal.

7. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of cell respiration that prevents the oxidation of all nutrients. Cyanide will therefore definitely reduce the cellular concentration of : (A) Heme groups. (B) FADH2. (C) CoA. (D) ATP. (E) SAM.

8. A hydropathy plot is used to: (A) Determine the water-solubility of a protein (B) Deduce the water content of a native protein (C) Estimate for the true molecular weight of a membrane protein (D) Deduce the quaternary structure of a membrane protein (E) Predict whether a given protein sequence contains membrane-spanning segments

複選題9. B-sheets are stabilized by which of the force? (A) Hydrophobic interaction (B) Vanderwall force (C) Hydrogen bonds between the (CO) and the (NH) units in the peptide backbone (D) Hydrogen bonding between the R groups of polypeptide chains (E) Hydrogen bonds between adjacent segments.

10. Sickle cell anemia is a molecular disease of hemoglobulin. The altered properties of hemoglobin S result from a single amino acid mutation. The following statement which is right? (A) a Leu instead of a Asp residue (B) a Ile instead of a Asn residue (C) a Val instead of a Glu residue (D) a Leu instead of a Gln residue (E) a Met instead of a Asn residue

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