40Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

(A)more excellent production of T₃ than of T₄

(B)hyposecretion of TSH

(C) hypersecretion of MSH

(D) a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin

41Which of the following describes a similarity between fungi and arthropods?(A)The haploid state is dominant in both groups.(B)Both groups are predominantly autotrophs that produce their food.(C) Both groups use chitin for support.(D) Both groups have cell walls.

42 As you are walking along a beach, you find an animal and believe that it belongs to the class Asteroidea. Which characteristics would support your hypothesis that the animal is a sea star, not another type of echinoderm?(A)It is radially symmetric.(B)It feeds on other animals.(C) It has a hydrostatic skeleton formed from its water vascular system.(D) it has five or more appendages.

43Which organism would you classify as an animal? (A)organism A(B)organism B(C) organism C(D) organism D

44 Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods?(A)a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates(B)an armored, jawed placoderm with two pairs of appendages(C) an early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletal supports in its paired fins(D) a salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeleton but moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes

45Stem cell transplants may someday be used to treat Parkinson's disease. How could stem cell transplants alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?(A)by preventing temporal lobe seizures(B)by repairing sites of traumatic brain injury(C) by replenishing missing ion channels(D) by secreting the neurotransmitter dopamine

46 Which sensory distinction is not encoded by a difference in neuron identity?(A)white and red(B)red and green(C) loud and faint(D) salty and sweet

47Which of the following types of sensory signals is brief and can work at night amongst physical obstructions?(A)olfactory(B)visual(C) auditory(D) magnetic

48 Use the graph to answer the following question.Which survivorship curve most closely models a population of mice in which females consistently give birth to a large number of offspring, and the mortality rate of the offspring is fairly regular during each year of their lives, regardless of their age?(A)curve A(B)curve B(C) curve C(D) curves A or C

49 The number of bird species is determined mainly by the number of vertical strata in the environment. If so, which biomes would you find the most significant number of bird species? (A)tropical rainforest (B)savanna (C) desert (D) temperate broadleaf forest

50Use the figures to answer the following question.This experiment removed Balanus balanoides (a barnacle species) from the habitat shown on the left. Which of the following statements is consistent with the experimental results (see the diagram on the right)?(A)The fundamental and realized niches of B. balanoides and C. stellatus are identical.(B)The fundamental and realized niches of B. balanoides and C. stellatus differ.(C) The fundamental and realized niches of B. balanoides are different, but the fundamental and realized niches of C. stellatus are identical.(D) The fundamental and realized niches of C. stellatus are different.

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