45 (A)He argues that anti-doping authorities have not adequately defined and publicized how they arrived at the criteria used to determine whether or not a test result is positive. (B)Some scientists believe that accepting “legal limits” of specific metabolites without such rigorous verification goes against the foundational standards of modern science. (C)These were just a few in a long line of cases in which competitors had been accused of using performance-enhancing substances. (D)Drug testing should not be exempt from the scientific principles and standards that apply to other biomedical sciences.