45. Which modification describes below is NOT eukaryotic RNA processing?
(A) 5' capping
(B) Spicing
(C) 3' polyadenylation
(D)Phosphorylation
(E)Intron removal

46. Which transcriptional step is NOT regulated by CTD (carboxy terminal domain) phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of RNA polymerase II? (A) Promoter clearance (B) Promoter elongation (C) Promoter termination (D)mRNA process (E)Promoter initiation

47. Which one of the following descriptions as to chromatin is WRONG? (A) Transcriptionally inactive chromatin is densely packed during interphase (B) Transcriptionally active chromatin stains less densely and is referred to as heterochromatin (C) Constitutive heterochromatin is found in the regions near the chromosomal centromere and at chromosomal ends (D) Facultative heterochromatin is at times condensed, but at other times it is actively transcribed (E)None of them

48. The structure above is: (A) UTP (B) dATP (C) GTP (D)dCTP (E)All are wrong

49. Which one of the following subunits is NOT contained in the basic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the bacterium Escherichia coll? (A) αsubunit (B) β subunit (C)ω subunit (D)σsubunit (E) None of them

複選題50. Which one of the following statements as to TATA box is RIGHT? (A) A six-nucleotide-pair A+T-rich sequence about 35 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site in bacterial promotcrs (B) It is usually iocated 10-15 bp upstream from the transcription start site in mammalian genes (C) The human TATA box is bound by the 34 kDa TATA-binding protein, a subunit in TFIID (D) All eukaryotic mRNA-encoding genes possess a consensus TATA box (E)All are right

1. Pregnant w women often use a antidepressants, despite Iimited available information regarding individual antidepressants and specific birth defect risks. Which one had the greatest proportion of elevated birth defect risks? (A) Venlafaxine (B) Escitalopram (C) Fluoxetine (D) Paroxetine

2. After kidney transplant, which of the following imm nunosuppressive therapies should be avoided during pregnancy and discontinued at least 6 weeks before pregnancy? (A) Azathioprine (B) Mycophenolate mofetil (C) Cyclosporine (D) Sirolimus

3. You are a member of the healthcare team seeing a 74-year-old woman with a number of medical conditions and a medication list including 14 drugs. She complains of dizziness. Which of the following drugs is considered to have strong anticholinergic effects? (A) Oxybutynin (B)citalopram (C) loratadine (D) loperamide

4. You are a member of the health care team for a 57-year-old womnan in whom hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is being considered for postmenopausal symptoms. Which one of the following statements is correct? (A) Long-term systemic HRT use is linked to increased breast cancer risks. These risks could be eliminated completely afier HRT discontinuation. (B) Risk varied among HRT types, with higher risks for combination estrogen-progestogen treatments and longer duration of usc. (C) Adjustment for personal characteristics, smoking, alcohol intake, comorbidities, family history, and other prescribed drugs abolished the observed associations. (D) Increased risk for combined progestogens was highest for dydrogesterone and lowest for norethisterone

5. You are a member of the healthcare team sccing a 70-ycar-old man with newly-diagnosed AF. The patient is worried about his risk of bleeding with an nticoagulation, and he asks for a dose of the new oral anticoagulants(NOACs) less than the recommended dose. Which of the following g outcomes was associated with underdosing of NOACs vs standard dosing? (A) Higher risk for stroke or systemic embolism (B) Higher risk for mortality (C) No difference in the risk of major bleeding (D) Lower risk for CV events

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