45. Why does the writer mention sadness and illness in the fifth paragraph?
(A) to explain how mental health can affect physical health
(B) to remind readers of the words and ideas of John Donne
(C) to emphasize the idea that solitude and loneliness never end
(D) to give some examples of the negative effects of loneliness

41. How does the writer support the main idea in the second paragraph? (A) with a citation (B) with general research (C) with a personal story (D) with a film

42. Why does the writer mention John Donne in the first paragraph? (A) to suggest that poets often spend time alone (B) to support a point that he/she wants to make (C) to argue that Donne’s point is no longer true (D) to give an example of a well-loved poet

43. Why does the writer mention sleep in the second paragraph? (A) to give an example of a condition people worry about (B) to explain why being alone can make people tired (C) to argue that sleep is more important than solitude (D) to show a connection between sleep and solitude

44. Why does the writer say “That is, it can improve our relationships with other people” in the fourth paragraph? (A) to introduce an example that supports the main argument (B) to show how one key idea contrasts with a point made earlier (C) to express a key point in a way that is easy to understand (D) to suggest that not everybody has the same idea about a topic

46. What is the writer’s main point in the first paragraph? (A) Air pollution is especially harmful to children. (B) Vehicles are a major cause of air pollution in cities. (C) Cars, trucks, and buses use most of the world’s energy. (D) Greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate change.

47. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? (A) London has improved the air quality in the center of the city by reducing the number of cars. (B) Air pollution has caused major public health problems in London, especially for the poor. (C) The city can use the money from the ULEZ fees to fight pollution. (D) London has introduced a low-emission zone as a way to reduce pollution.

48. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? (A) The ULEZ program has been a success and is expanding to a larger area of the city. (B) The ULEZ program’s purpose is to reduce the number of cars that cause pollution. (C) The ULEZ program’s purpose is to improve public transportation and help people buy new cars. (D) More people are biking and walking now than before the introduction of the ULEZ.

49. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? (A) Critics say that the ULEZ is not needed or helpful, but the government thinks it will reduce pollution. (B) Similar programs in other cities have not resulted in better air quality, so London’s air will probably not improve much. (C) There are many arguments against ULEZ； however, none of them are based on good evidence. (D) Climate change demands a more dramatic response than the ULEZ program.

50. What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph? (A) Large urban centers will be less polluted places to live in the future. (B) ULEZ has already had a significant impact on air pollution in London. (C) Zero-emissions zones are likely to replace programs such as ULEZ. (D) London is a leader in the effort to reduce emissions in big cities.

1. 指在教學前、教學中及教學後，對學生的能力進行持續性的評量，以了解教學和能力改變之間的關係。這是屬於哪一種評量？ (A) 動態評量 (B) 檔案評量 (C) 實作評量 (D) 生態評量