46 What is the main idea of the passage?
(A)An endangered species that needs more conservation.
(B)A species that may help on research against ageing.
(C)The concept of human ageing and its solution.
(D)Biological background of jellyfishes reproduction.
答案:登入後查看
統計: A(50), B(601), C(83), D(108), E(0) #3126593
統計: A(50), B(601), C(83), D(108), E(0) #3126593
詳解 (共 4 筆)
#5882012
世界上有不朽的生物嗎? 儘管平均直徑只有三毫米,成年的不朽水母(Turritopsis dohrnii)卻有一個巨大的派對技巧:當受傷或瀕臨飢餓時,它們可以調回生物鐘。 這意味著,從理論上講,他們可以永遠活下去。 人類能否利用自己的能力徹底消除衰老?
正如科學家所知,人類衰老的原因是一個稱為轉分化的過程。 “這是關於完全形成的特化成體細胞如何成為另一種類型的特化成體細胞。 這就是細胞如何適應的方式,”Maria Pia Miglietta 博士解釋道。 轉分化背後的確切機制對科學家來說仍然是個謎。 然而,正如 Miglietta 解釋的那樣,答案很可能在水母的基因中找到。 “這肯定與 DNA 有關,”她說。 “DNA 對細胞進行編程——某些基因的‘開啟’或‘關閉’將決定細胞的類型。 我們離任何類型的實際應用都還很遙遠。”Miglietta 說道。 “但我們希望研究這些水母身上發生的事情能夠告訴我們它們的基因如何改變細胞,以及這些改變的細胞如何與其他細胞整合。 這是理解細胞再生和組織再生的基礎。”
然而,也存在許多挑戰。 自 20 世紀 80 年代初以來,人們對這些水母的研究只是零星的,這意味著專家們只有幾十年的數據。 雖然不朽的水母可以逆轉衰老,但它也很容易被各種魚類、鯊魚、海龜甚至其他水母等捕食者殺死。 “從水溫到浮游生物和魚卵飲食,它們都非常敏感,”米列塔說。 “真正的悖論是它們實際上很難維持生命!
46 這篇文章的中心思想是什麼?
(A) 需要更多保護的瀕危物種。
(B) 可能有助於抗衰老研究的物種。
(C)人類衰老的概念及其解決方案。
(D) 水母繁殖的生物學背景。
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#6422478
Is there any immortal creature in the world? Despite only being only three millimeters in diameter on average, adult versions of immortal jellyfish (Turritopsis dohrnii) have a huge party trick: they can roll back their biological clock when injured or on the verge of starvation. This means, in theory, they could live forever. Could humans harness their abilities to eradicate ageing completely?
世界上有長生不老的生物嗎?儘管平均直徑只有三毫米,成年的燈塔水母(Turritopsis dohrnii)卻有一個巨大的絕招:當受傷或瀕臨飢餓時,它們可以調回生理時鐘。這意味著,從理論上來說,他們可以永生。人類能否運用自身能力徹底消除老化?
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As scientists have known, the reason of human ageing is a process called trans-differentiation. “This is about how a fully formed specialized adult cell can become another type of specialized adult cell. It’s how a cell can adapt,” explains Dr. Maria Pia Miglietta. The exact mechanism behind trans-differentiation is still a mystery to scientists. However, as Miglietta explains, the answer will likely be found in the jellyfish’s genes. “It most certainly has something to do with the DNA,” she says. “It’s the DNA that programs a cell––certain genes being ‘turned on’ or ‘off’ will determine what sort of cell it is. We’re far away from any kind of real-world application,” says Miglietta. “But we hope that studying what happens in these jellyfish can tell us how their genes change cells––and how these changed cells integrate with others. This is the base of understanding cellular regeneration and tissue regeneration.”
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科學家已經知道,人類老化的原因是一個稱為轉分化的過程。 「這關乎一個完全形成的特化成體細胞如何變成另一種特化成體細胞。這就是細胞如何適應環境,」瑪麗亞·皮亞·米格列塔博士解釋道。轉分化背後的確切機制對科學家來說仍然是個謎。然而,正如米格列塔所解釋的那樣,答案很可能存在於水母的基因中。 「這肯定與 DNA 有關,」她說。 「DNA負責對細胞進行編程——某些基因的『開啟』或『關閉』將決定它是哪種細胞。我們距離任何現實世界的應用還很遠,」米格列塔說。 “但我們希望透過研究這些水母體內發生的機制,可以了解它們的基因如何改變細胞,以及這些改變的細胞如何與其他細胞整合。這是理解細胞再生和組織再生的基礎。”
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However, there are many challenges. These jellyfish have only been studied sporadically since the early 1980s, meaning experts have only a few decades’ worth of data. While an immortal jellyfish can age in reverse, it can also be easily killed by predators including various fish, sharks, turtles and even other jellyfish. “They’re incredibly sensitive, from the water temperature to their plankton and fish egg diet,” says Miglietta. “The real paradox is they’re actually really hard to keep alive!”
然而,挑戰依然存在。自 20 世紀 80 年代初以來,人們只是偶爾對這些水母進行研究,這意味著專家們只有幾十年的數據。雖然永生水母可以逆齡,但它也很容易被掠食者殺死,包括各種魚類、鯊魚、海龜甚至其他水母。 「它們非常敏感,從水溫到浮游生物和魚子飲食,」米格列塔說。 「真正的矛盾是,它們實際上真的很難存活!”
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46 What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) An endangered species that needs more conservation.
(B) A species that may help on research against ageing.
(C) The concept of human ageing and its solution.
(D) Biological background of jellyfishes reproduction.
ㅤㅤ
46 文章的中心思想是什麼?
(A) 需要更多保護的瀕危物種。
(B) 可能有助於抗衰老研究的物種。
(B) 可能有助於抗衰老研究的物種。
(C)人類老化的概念及其解決方案。
(D)水母繁殖的生物學背景。
(D)水母繁殖的生物學背景。
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